通过转化脂肪酸去饱和酶基因AcoFAD2提高菠萝植株的抗寒能力

为培育抗寒菠萝新品种,本研究通过比较菠萝脂肪酸去饱和酶基因序列和拟南芥脂肪酸去饱和酶基因序列,筛选获得目标基因AcoFAD2;通过农杆菌转化菠萝'台农17'获得过表达AcoFAD2转基因植株TN17FAD2-3;转基因植株和对照在低温条件下进行培养,鉴定转基因植株和对照的不饱和脂肪酸含量及抗寒能力.结果 发现组培苗在7℃条件下处理5d然后转入26℃生长一周,TN17FAD2-3第四片叶坏死比例为(5±1)％,只转化空载体的对照TN17-EV第四片叶坏死比例为(97±2)％.组培苗在7℃条件下生长5d,然后转入26℃生长15d.TN17FAD2-3第二片叶叶面积为(2.15±0.2) cm2,TN17-EV第二片叶叶面积为(0.06±0.01) cm2.TN17FAD2-3的叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量(16∶3+18∶3)为(77.5±0.7)％,对照TN17-EV叶片不饱和脂肪酸(16∶3+18∶3)含量为(58.6±0.8)％.TN17FAD2-3的叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量高于只转化空载体的对照TN17-EV.低温条件下,TN17FAD2-3比TN17-EV生长快,TN17FAD2-3株系比TN17-EV具有更高的抗寒性,载体UBI-pCAMBIA1301不能提高菠萝植株的抗寒能力,通过转化脂肪酸去饱和酶基因AcoFAD2能够提高菠萝植株的抗寒性能,本研究为快速培育抗寒菠萝新品种提供理论基础.     

基于RS与GIS的山东某煤矿区历史遗留损毁土地调查

我国地域辽阔，但可利用土地资源少，同时由于生产建设和自然灾害等，造成许多优质土地资源损毁。调查清楚土地损毁情况，采取针对性的土地复垦措施，在目前经济发展中显得尤为迫切。以山东某矿区为例，确定了历史遗留损毁土地的划定依据，利用RS与GIS等技术手段对矿区进行地表沉陷预计，用遥感影像提取土地利用变化情况，得到了历史遗留损毁土地的位置、面积和损毁类型等信息，为后期土地复垦与规划提供参考。      

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.     

Effect of ammonia and nitrite on vigour,survival rate,moulting rate of the blue swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Portunus pelagicus</Emphasis> zoea

The effects of ammonia and nitrite on vigour, survival rate, moulting rate of zoea of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus, were studied. A total of five nitrite-N treatments (26.67, 53.34, 106.68, 213.36, 426.72 mg/l) and a control (no nitrite-N added) were set up for the acute nitrite-N toxicity experiment; a total of five ammonia-N treatments (8.43, 16.86, 33.72, 67.44, 134.88 mg/l) and a control (no ammonia-N added) were set up for the acute ammonia-N toxicity experiment. The results showed that the vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 53.34 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of nitrite-N were 179.47, 76.56, 66.70, 37.49, 25.01, 25.35, 25.34 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The vigour, survival rate and moulting rate of zoea of the blue swimming crabs exposed to over 16.86 mg/l were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control group. The zoea LC₅₀ values (mg/l) of ammonia-N were 51.04, 39.62, 38.72, 24.43, 16.90, 13.42, 11.16 mg/l for 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 h, respectively. The zoeae are highly sensitive to ammonia and nitrite, and the toxicity of ammonia and nitrite on Portunus pelagicus decrease with development of this crab.     

微酸性电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的杀灭效果及机制研究

微酸性电解水作为一种安全、高效、广谱的新型消毒剂,具有制备简单、成本低、使用后无残留、对人体无毒无害等优点.研究微酸性电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的杀灭效果及其杀菌机制,为其在蚕桑生产中的应用奠定基础.体外抑菌试验结果表明,有效氯质量浓度为40 mg/L、pH5.5、氧化还原电位(ORP)为1100 mV的微酸性电解水处理5 min即可全部杀灭家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌.生物学试验结果表明,该电解水对家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌处理5 min后,家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的灭活率达到90％;处理15 min时,灭活率为100％.经微酸性电解水处理后,家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌的外部形态发生改变,菌体膨胀、逐渐伸长,之后出现孔洞,最后菌体破裂、死亡;胞外电导率、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量逐渐增加;菌体DNA发生降解.试验结果表明微酸性电解水主要通过破坏家蚕黑胸败血芽孢杆菌细胞外部形态,改变细胞膜通透性,导致细胞内容物外渗,DNA结构受到破坏,达到杀菌目的 .     

1例肉鸡肝恶性黑色素瘤的病理学诊断

本研究旨在对临床上发现的1例肉鸡肝黑色素瘤进行病理学诊断。1羽25日龄AA肉鸡精神沉郁、极度消瘦,剖检发现其整个肝呈黑色。HE染色结果显示,病变肝内遍布大小不一、细胞核深染、细胞质内有大量黑色素颗粒沉积的异常细胞团。黑色素瘤诊断标志蛋白SOX 10和HMB-45抗体免疫组化染色均呈阳性。结合病理学检测和免疫组化结果,判定该病鸡肝患有恶性黑色素瘤。试验对病变肝进行胆色素染色和普鲁士蓝染色,结果均呈阴性,提示病变肝并非由胆红素或含铁血黄素淤积所致。综上表明,此例病鸡患有严重的肝恶性黑色素瘤,试验结果对禽类黑色素瘤的诊断与研究有参考价值。