Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, degenerative disease affecting the articular cartilage and subchondral bone that causes pain and inhibits movement. The stifle’s joint fibrous capsule contains the synovial membrane, which produces cartilage nutrients. A ruptured cranial cruciate ligament injures the joint and produces OA. Osteoarthritis diagnosis starts with clinical radiographic and ultrasonographic tests, although the latter is not used very much in dog and cat clinics for this purpose. The objective of this study was to establish the correlation among the results of orthopedic, radiographic, ultrasonographic examinations and structural anatomical changes revealed by arthroscopic evaluation to diagnose stifle joint OA and determine risk factors in the dogs affected. Of 44 clinical cases of OA included in the study, 88.64% had ruptured of cranial cruciate ligaments. The correlation between synovial fluid effusion and osteophytosis was of 0.84. It was concluded that there is good diagnostic agreement between synovial fluid effusion and osteophytosis when dealing with stifle joint OA. Risk factors for dogs regarding the development of stifle joint OA included: ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments or patella luxation, female dogs and weight over 10 kg. 相似文献
The distribution of ivermectin in buffalo plasma and milk after administration of a single subcutaneous dose (0.2 mg kg(-)(1) b.w.) was studied. Ivermectin reached the maximal concentration in plasma (28.5 +/- 1.7 ng mL(-)(1)) and milk (23.6 +/- 2.6 ng mL(-)(1)) after 2.4 +/- 0.32 and 2.8 +/- 0.44 days, respectively. The drug showed a parallel disposition in milk and plasma, with a ratio of 1.12 +/- 0.16. Ivermectin concentrations were detected in mozzarella cheese obtained from milk collected on days 1, 3, 4, and 20 following administration. The highest values (81.4 +/- 3.26 ng g(-)(1)) were found in the cheese produced on day 3 and were 4-fold higher than those present in the milk. 相似文献
We examined the interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and water stress on growth and physiology of 1-year-old peach (Prunus persica L.) seedlings grown in 10-dm3 pots in open-top chambers with ambient (350 micromol mol-1) or elevated (700 micromol mol-1) [CO2]. Seedlings were supplied weekly with a non-limiting nutrient solution. Water was withheld from half of the plants in each treatment for a 4-week drying cycle, to simulate a sudden and severe water stress during the phase of rapid plant growth. Throughout the growing season, seedlings in elevated [CO2] had higher assimilation rates, measured at the growth [CO2], than seedlings in ambient [CO2], and this caused an increase in total dry mass of about 33%. Stomatal conductance, total water uptake, leaf area and leaf number were unaffected by elevated [CO2]. Because seedlings in the two CO2 treatments had similar transpiration despite large differences in total dry mass, water-use efficiency (WUE) of well-watered and water-stressed seedlings grown in elevated [CO2] was an average of 51 and 63% higher, respectively, than WUE of comparable seedlings grown in ambient [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] enhanced total biomass of water-stressed seedlings by 31%, and thus ameliorated the effects of water limitation. However, the percentage increases in total dry mass between well-watered and water-stressed seedlings were similar in ambient (53%) and elevated (58%) [CO2], demonstrating that there was no interaction between elevated [CO2] and water stress. This finding should be considered when predicting responses of trees to global climate change in hot and dry environments, where predicted temperature increases will raise evaporative demands and exacerbate the effects of drought on tree growth. 相似文献
Eucalypts are susceptible to a wide range of diseases. One of the most important diseases that affect Eucalyptus plantations worldwide is caused by the rust fungus Puccinia psidii. Here, we provide evidence on the complex genetic control of rust resistance in Eucalyptus inter-specific hybrids, by analyzing a number of full-sib families that display different patterns of segregation for rust
resistance. These families are totally unrelated to those previously used in other inheritance studies of rust resistance.
By using a full genome scan with 114 genetic markers (microsatellites and expressed sequence tag derived microsatellites)
we also corroborated the existence and segregation of a resistance locus, explaining 11.5% of the phenotypic variation, on
linkage group 3, corresponding to Ppr1. This find represents an additional validation of this locus in totally unrelated pedigree. We have also detected significant
additive × additive digenic interactions with LOD >10.0 on several linkage groups. The additive and epistatic QTLs identified
explain between 29.8 and 44.8% of the phenotypic variability for rust resistance. The recognition that both additive and non-additive
genetic variation (epistasis) are important contributors to rust resistance in eucalypts reveals the complexity of this host-pathogen
interaction and helps explain the success that breeding has achieved by selecting rust-resistant clones, where all the additive
and non-additive effects are readily captured. The positioning of epistatic QTLs also provides starting points to look for
the underlying genes or genomic regions controlling this phenotype on the upcoming E. grandis genome sequence. 相似文献
DNA sequences from the ITS region of the nuclear genome and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers (ISSR) were used to estimate
genetic diversity among and within populations of the Frankincense tree Boswellia sacra from Dhofar, Oman. This is a culturally and ecologically relevant species that is showing symptoms of decline due to anthropic
factors and, possibly, global warming. ITS sequences were 511 bp long and showed low (6.4%) variation among geographically
different populations. The four selected ISSR primers yielded 93 reproducible bands, of which 91 (97.9%) were polymorphic
in the 97 individual profiles obtained. Total genetic diversity (HT) and average heterozygosity within populations (HS) resulted fairly low (0.22 and 0.136, respectively). The accession from Wadi Dowkah, an UNESCO world heritage site, showed
the lowest level of genetic diversity (HE = 0.107), while the eastern populations from the Hasik area harboured a slightly greater amount of variation. Analysis of
Molecular Variance showed that differentiation among populations was relatively high (38.1%), possibly due to the reduced
gene flow between the largely isolated stands of Boswellia (Nm = 0.39). Genetic distances and AMOVA suggested a clear differentiation between the eastern and western coastal populations,
while those from the internal area did not form a consistent group. For conservation, the eastern sites should be given priority
as core populations harbouring significant amounts of allelic diversity. Reasons for reinforcing the more depauperated stands,
such as Wadi Dowkah, with local plant material only or, alternatively, with the introduction of germplasm from genetically
distinct stands are discussed. 相似文献
An experimental protocol was designed to study the survival and behaviour of an allograft of amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) in an ovine model. The study was conducted on three healthy adult sheep. A core lesion was created in both calcaneal tendons under ultrasound (US) guidance by injecting 400 UI of Type 1A collagenase diluted in 0.6 ml saline. The AECs were obtained from a 60–80-day-old fetus and cultured under standard conditions. After 15 days of collagenase treatment, 2 × 106 AECs stained with a vital membrane fluorescent probe (PHK26) were injected under US guidance in 500 μl saline solution into the lesion of one limb. The contralateral untreated limb was used as a control. Animals were euthanatized 7 (1) and 30 (2) days later. Histological analyses performed on explanted tendons clearly demonstrate that AECs survived for at least 1 month inside the lesion without any adverse reactions. The damaged tissue of the treated tendons showed a high number of reparative cells in active proliferation that were accumulating collagen within the extracellular matrix. In addition, after 1 month, the neo-collagen began to be organized into parallel arrays of fibers oriented along the longitudinal axis of the tendon.
An HPTLC method for determining fluorimetrically the residues of coumaphos in honey samples is described. The active ingredient is solid phase extracted with a C-18 disposable column and determined densitometrically on HPTLC pre-coated silica plates. The method does not require additional clean-up steps, is extremely quick and can easily be adapted to routine determinations of a large number of samples. The determination limit is 0-01 mg kg?1 and recoveries are above 87%. 相似文献