紫叶标记釉型光一温敏核不育系中紫S的选育及其配组的杂种优势

带标记的光一温敏核不育系在制种后对其F1能籍标记性状在苗期检出假杂种,减少在生产应用中的风险。本研究采用中国水稻研究所保存的一份带紫叶标记的釉型紫叶稻(CN-pl>和湖北省农科院粮作所育成的温敏核不育系W6154S杂交,在F2代选择紫叶稻回交一次后,以系谱法逐代选择而育成了带紫叶标记的光一温敏核不育系一中紫S0在杭州(     

Genetic diversity within spelta and macha wheats based on RAPD analysis

Genetic diversity in a crop species is basic to improvement of the species and can be estimated at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic diversity within and between spelta and macha wheats. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was conducted on 69 spelta and 32 macha wheat accessions. The classification of spelta and macha accessions, based on Jaccard genetic similarity coefficients for RAPD markers, was consistent with their geographic origin. The results indicated that the germplasm of macha wheat was more diverse than that of spelta wheat. In the dendrogram of macha wheat, four spelta-like accessions grouped together, separate from the remaining macha accessions, suggesting that these accessions were misclassified. In addition, accessions with identical RAPD patterns were found, indicating that these accessions were probably duplicated. Thus RAPD analysis can be used to estimate genetic diversity and identify duplicate accessions in wheat germplasm collections. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水稻胚乳细胞增殖和充实与子房生理活性变化关系的研究

结合水稻不同粒位籽粒的胚乳增殖动态和单细胞充实状况,分析了胚乳细胞增殖过程中子房若干生理指标的变化特点,结果表明：籽粒呼吸量较大的时期为胚乳细胞物质充实期,而单位鲜重呼吸强度最大在胚乳细胞分裂期,弱势粒呼吸强度在花后有一低水平期,随着细胞分裂的起动开始上升;胚乳细胞分裂期保持有较物质充实期高得多的含水率;子房ＡＴＰ水平在胚乳细胞分裂期处于较高水平;可溶性糖含量强势粒在胚乳细胞分裂期水平较高,至细胞     

The use of genetic resources in crop improvement: Lessons from China

The use of crop genetic resources in improvement programmes should be the ultimate objective of all undertakings in the field of germplasm resources. The present situation and future direction of the use of crop germplasm in China was assessed from responses to a questionnaire distributed to 165 plant breeders and curators nationwide. The general opinions for the limiting factors of germplasm utilization were also evaluated. Responses from the questionnaire indicated that the use of germplasm in breeding programmes is much more important than the direct use of germplasm in crop production as cultivars released. Among different types of crop genetic resources, released varieties and breeding lines contribute more to crop breeding. Wild relatives and genetic stocks, however, are expected to play a greater role in the future. Landraces will remain important in improvement. Limited useful germplasm available to breeders is the basic reason for the insufficient use of germplasm in crop breeding at present. The complex reasons which affect the availability of useful germplasm involve the research level, links between breeder and curator and others. To counter these, we propose some suggestions and measures which can be implemented in the near future.     

田间喷-管结合灌水技术体系的研究

该文在总结以往经验基础上,分析了喷灌与管灌在粮田灌溉中的优点和缺点,针对北方地区管灌面积甚广,亟待配套完善的现状,提出了“喷－管结合,扬长避短,择优施灌”的田间灌水新技术体系,通过配套部件研制、测试及田间对比试验和投资、能耗分析,这一体系在技术上是可行的,经济上是合理的。并已在北京等地推广应用。     

世界森林衰退病研究进展

森林衰退病是近代森林病理学出现的一个新概念,目前仍处于形成和完善阶段。文中综述了衰退病的基本概念及其病原研究进展,并指出了存在的问题与应用前景。     

多花黑麦草和四倍体苇状羊茅属间杂种F#-1及其双倍体的细胞遗传学研究

本研究获得了多花黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum Lam 2n=2x=14）和四倍体苇状羊茅（Festuca arundinacea var.glaucescens Boiss 2n=4x=28）的属间杂种。Lmx Fa.g杂种在形态上呈中间型,而反交杂种则倾向于母本。杂种的细胞学研究表明：多花黑麦草的染色体组（A）与四倍体苇状羊茅的两组染色体（B和B′）亲和性差;相对来说,羊茅属的细胞质有利于A、B、B′三组染色体的配对。杂种F#-1花药不开裂,花粉畸形败育。合成的双倍体细胞学上不稳定,花粉KI-I#-2可染率极低。本文还讨论了利用杂种的途径和实践意义。     

湿地松中长期化学采脂

湿地松采脂强度在40%割面负荷率和25cm以下的下降面,采用食用漂白粉精片液和增产灵2号+碳酸氢铵及乙烯利+松针汁化学采脂技术,分别比常法采脂单株年平均产脂5.326kg提高13.65%,22.27%和31.00%,而且对松脂及其产品松香、松节油质量和林木生长都没有影响。     

茶儿茶素影响细胞外多糖合成和变形链球菌附着的研究

通过菌斑量的测定、胞外多糖的提取和测定,对受儿茶素作用后降低酶活性的变形链球菌附着能力进行了体外观察。结果显示,儿茶素浓度在０．１２５％—１．０００％时,细菌附着能力下降,菌斑形成量减少,细菌总蛋白也下降,菌斑中胞外葡聚糖含量降低。由此可见,儿茶素的抗菌斑作用主要表现在抑制胞外葡聚糖产生。     

小麦抗秆锈病基因推导的计算机程序及应用

在小麦抗秆锈病基因推导中应用计算机分析代替人工分析,编制了基因推导的计算机程序。以１５个秆锈菌不同毒力基因型菌系和３３个抗秆锈病单基因系的体系对该程序进行了分析测试,推导出我国６９个小麦主栽品种可能含有的抗秆锈病基因型,其中有Ｓｒ５,６,７ａ,７ｂ,８ａ,９ｂ,９ｅ,１１,１６,１７,２１,２５,３２,３４,３６,３７,Ｇｔ等,为我国小麦品种的抗秆锈病基因合理布局和抗秆锈病基因库构建提供了理论依据。