大规模植物场景绘制技术综述

大规模场景的快速绘制技术是虚拟现实、实时仿真等领域的关键技术。在农林业信息化发展进程中,植物场景的快速绘制技术对于农林业的发展有着深远的意义。但是由于植物模型固有的复杂性,以及农林业中大规模场景的要求,要实现实时绘制面临很多挑战。由于研究人员的不断努力,近年来在这一领域取得了丰硕的成果。回顾了该技术的发展历程,对其关键技术进行了分析和比较,最后对该领域的发展做出了总结和展望。     

不同抗生素对刺槐遗传转化受体系统的影响

本试验研究了卡那霉素(Kana)、头孢霉素(Cef)、氨苄青霉素(Amp)、羧苄青霉素(Carb)、红霉素(E)对刺槐形成层为外植体的遗传转化受体系统的影响。结果表明:刺槐形成层诱导愈伤时Cef对受体材料伤害最小,抑菌效果最好,浓度为200 mg/L时能完全抑制农杆菌生长;用Kana作为刺槐转基因植株的筛选,刺槐形成层愈伤组织分化时选择剂浓度为100~125 mg/L最佳,生根培养时选择剂浓度为75 mg/L最佳。     

基于热交换的漂浮育苗温室除湿系统研究

基于热力学第二定律,设计了热交换式漂浮育苗温室保温除湿系统。该系统主要由热交换换气机和环境监控系统组成,通过将温室大棚外新风与棚内空气强制对流交换进行换气除湿,使新风温度升高,实现温室热能回收。环境监控系统可现场和远程了解温室大棚内部环境和除湿系统工作状态,实时自动对温室湿度进行调控。将系统应用于烟草漂浮育苗温室,运行结果表明,系统具有良好的保温、除湿能力,试验大棚较对照大棚平均相对湿度降低6.7%,系统平均热回收效率为59.35%,烟苗平均茎高增加0.4 mm、茎围增加0.6 mm。     

关于《潜水电泵试验方法》标准中性能判定的讨论

探讨了ISO 9906和GB/T 12785标准中有关流量、扬程和效率值的判定问题。以标准中性能保证值判定为基础,分析了标准中性能满足的保证条件,提出了流量、扬程和效率判定的数学表达式,解决了计算机辅助试验中计算机判定的技术难题。同时,比较了新、旧标准优缺点。     

我国设施农业发展现状及扶持措施与对策建议

今年5月,农业部农机化司以农机科[2007]21号文的形式下发了"关于开展设施农业发展情况的调研工作的通知"。其后,各省市农机局及农业部南京农机化所积极组织力量,开展了这项工作,撰写出了许多高水平的调研报告。本刊以设施农业为选题,从中挑选有代表性的几篇,并配套了与设施农业相关的文稿,以飨读者。     

基于纹理和位置特征的麦田杂草识别方法

以化学防除适期麦田杂草为研究对象,对利用条播作物的位置和纹理特征识别田间杂草的方法进行了研究。根据条播作物小麦作物行的间距相对固定等位置特征,利用植物像素直方图法确定作物行的中心线和行宽,并识别行间杂草。然后,以作物行中心为基准来选取纹理块,计算量化级数为8级的H颜色空间的共生矩阵,提取5个纹理特征参数,利用K均值聚类法判别分析各块的类别来识别行内杂草。研究结果表明,杂草的正确识别率约为93％,作物的错误识别率约为7％。     

基于粒子群算法的圆柱度误差评定方法

根据最小区域条件,建立了圆柱度误差的数学模型以及优化目标函数和适应度函数,阐述了粒子群优化算法的原理和实现方法,然后根据粒子群算法优化求解。实例表明,该方法对于圆柱度误差评定等非线性优化问题能得到全局最优解,粒子群优化算法的计算精度与其他满足最小条件的计算方法相比略有提高,且参数设置少,计算速度快,可用于三坐标测量机等测量系统的圆柱度误差测量后的数据处理。     

Fucose-Rich Sulfated Polysaccharides from Two Vietnamese Sea Cucumbers Bohadschia argus and Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera: Structures and Anticoagulant Activity

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) FCS-BA and FCS-HS, as well as fucan sulfates (FSs) FS-BA-AT and FS-HS-AT were isolated from the sea cucumbers Bohadschia argus and Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera, respectively. Purification of the polysaccharides was carried out by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel column. Structural characterization of polysaccharides was performed in terms of monosaccharide and sulfate content, as well as using a series of non-destructive NMR spectroscopic methods. Both FCSs were shown to contain a chondroitin core [→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→]_n bearing sulfated fucosyl branches at O-3 of every GlcA residue in the chain. These fucosyl residues were different in pattern of sulfation: FCS-BA contained Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S and Fuc4S at a ratio of 1:8:2, while FCS-HS contained these residues at a ratio of 2:2:1. Polysaccharides differed also in content of GalNAc4S6S and GalNAc4S units, the ratios being 14:1 for FCS-BA and 4:1 for FCS-HS. Both FCSs demonstrated significant anticoagulant activity in clotting time assay and potentiated inhibition of thrombin, but not of factor Xa. FS-BA-AT was shown to be a regular linear polymer of 4-linked α-L-fucopyranose 3-sulfate, the structure being confirmed by NMR spectra of desulfated polysaccharide. In spite of considerable sulfate content, FS-BA-AT was practically devoid of anticoagulant activity. FS-HS-AT cannot be purified completely from contamination of some FCS. Its structure was tentatively represented as a mixture of chains identical with FS-BA-AT and other chains built up of randomly sulfated alternating 4- and 3-linked α-L-fucopyranose residues.     

Identification of a conservative site in the African swine fever virus p54 protein and its preliminary application in a serological assay

BackgroundASF was first reported in Kenya in 1910 in 1921. In China, ASF spread to 31 provinces including Henan and Jiangsu within six months after it was first reported on August 3, 2018. The epidemic almost affected the whole China, causing direct economic losses of tens of billions of yuan. Cause great loss to our pig industry. As ELISA is cheap and easy to operate, OIE regards it as the preferred serological method for ASF detection. P54 protein has good antigenicity and is an ideal antigen for detection.ObjectiveTo identify a conservative site in the African swine fever virus (ASFV) p54 protein and perform a Cloth-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the ASFV antibody in order to reduce risks posed by using the live virus in diagnostic assays.MethodWe used bioinformatics methods to predict the antigen epitope of the ASFV p54 protein in combination with the antigenic index and artificially synthesized the predicted antigen epitope peptides. Using ASFV-positive serum and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we performed indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA to verify the immunological properties of the predicted epitope polypeptide.ResultsThe results of our prediction revealed that the possible antigen epitope regions were A23–29, A36–45, A72–94, A114–120, A124–130, and A137–150. The indirect ELISA showed that the peptides A23–29, A36–45, A72–94, A114–120, and A137–150 have good antigenicity. Moreover, the A36–45 polypeptide can react specifically with the mAb secreted by hybridoma cells, and its binding site contains a minimum number of essential amino acids in the sequence 37DIQFINPY44.ConclusionsOur study confirmed a conservative antigenic site in the ASFV p54 protein and its amino acid sequence. A competitive ELISA method for detecting ASFV antibodies was established based on recombinant p54 and matching mAb. Moreover, testing the protein sequence alignment verified that the method can theoretically detect antibodies produced by pigs affected by nearly all ASFVs worldwide.     

不同青花菜品种形态和品质性状比较

筛选外观优异、品质优良的青花菜品种,以期为青花菜品质改良提供材料基础.笔者以国内常见的19个青花菜品种为材料,对其花球质量、花球直径、花球茎粗、花球形状、蕾粒大小、花球色泽、叶绿素、含水量、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖及维生素C等形态和品质指标进行测定与分析.结果 表明,不同青花菜品种形态和品质之间存在一定差异,多数青花菜...