广西玉米纹枯病菌培养性状及其致病力研究

从广西玉米主产区的8个县市秋玉米的纹枯病病株中分离出8个玉米纹枯病菌株,经生物性状的观察和菌丝融合群测定表明,它们都属于立枯丝核菌AGk-1-IA融合群;腐生定殖能力和致病力测定表明,菌株GX4、GX1的腐生定殖能力和致病力最强。     

无公害高山辣椒高效栽培技术

介绍了无公害高山辣椒高效栽培技术,主要包括：品种选择、播种育苗、合理定植、大田管理、病虫害防治和适时采收等,以期为发展山区经济、致富山区农民提供参考。     

Electroacupuncture-induced neural activation detected by use of manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging in rabbits

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupuncture on neural activity detected by use of manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and elucidate the relationship between somatic acupoint stimulation and brain activation. ANIMALS: 40 New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURE: Manganese-enhanced fMRI was performed in anesthetized rabbits manipulated with electroacupuncture (EA) on Zusanli (ST-36) and Yanglingquan (GB-34) acupoints. Image acquisition was performed on a 1.5T superconductive clinical scanner with a circular polarized extremity coil. T1-weighted images were acquired sequentially as follows: baseline, after mannitol injection, after manganese infusion, and 5 and 20 minutes after initiation of EA. RESULTS: Changes in focal neural activity were detected by use of manganese-enhanced fMRI. Stimulation on Zusanli (ST-36) for 5 minutes resulted in activation of the hippocampus, whereas stimulation on Yanglingquan (GB-34) resulted in activation of the hypothalamus, insula, and motor cortex. Activation became less specific after 20 minutes of EA. Furthermore, stimulation on ipsilateral acupoints led to bilateral brain activation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Each acupoint has a corresponding cerebral linkage, and stimulation on these points resulted in time-dependent neural activation. Understanding the linkage between peripheral acupoint stimulation and central neural pathways may provide a useful guide for clinical applications of acupuncture.     

Anatid herpesvirus 1 CH virulent strain induces syncytium and apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblast cultures

Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1) CH virulent strain was first isolated from an infected duck and it was found that this virus strain could induce cytopathic effect (CPE) in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Following AHV-1 infection, DEF showed morphological changes such as cell rounding, improved refractivity and detachment from the culture surface. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately known. Related studies were performed and the results showed that syncytium formation could be observed as the other type of CPE in AHV-1 infection. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of infected DEF were each used to visualize the shape and distribution of chromatin within nuclei and nuclear fragmentation was observed. Chromatin condensation and margination, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DNA ladder formation was detected in AHV-1 infected cells and apoptosis of the infected DEF was also detected by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. Therefore, it was suggested that AHV-1 virulent strain can induce syncytium and apoptosis in DEF. Syncytium formation and apoptosis observed in this study may contribute to the elucidation of AHV-1 pathogenesis.     

胡萝卜黄色突变体的遗传及表现研究

 从胡萝卜‘新黑田五寸’品种的高世代自交系中发现了能稳定遗传的黄色突变体。遗传分析证明该黄色突变性状为单基因隐性遗传, 绿色对黄色为完全显性。黄色突变体叶片中叶绿素含量仅为正常株的29.3% ～50.1% , 且黄色不受温度光照等环境的影响。黄色突变体( yelyel) 地上部和地下部的生长量明显少于正常株系( YELYEL ) , 但在等位基因杂合时( YELyel) 与正常株系的生长量、产量和营养品质无显著差异。     

Comparison Analysis of Immune Related Gene of Orf Virus in Sheep and Camels

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of Orf virus (ORFV) immune related genes after infection with different species.The ORFV genomes of sheep and camel were extracted and named ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively.Based on ORFV genome sequence published in GenBank (accession No.:KF234407.1),three pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized to amplify the B2L,F1L and VIR gene fragments of ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively,and the amplified fragments were cloned into pMD19-T vector,transformed into E.coli DH5α competent cells.The recombinant plasmid was identified,and positive clones were selected for sequencing,DNAStar software was used to analyze the homology,amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree of 13 ORFV genome sequences published on NCBI.The results showed that the nucleotide homology of B2L,F1L and VIR genes were 92.8% to 99.2%,95.7% to 99.5% and 77.6% to 100%,respectively.After comparing the amino acid sequence between the two genomes and the reference sequence,it was found that there were obvious differences in the immune related genes between the two genomes,and F1L gene had some rules to follow.The phylogenetic analysis of B2L,F1L and VIR genes showed that ORFV-Y was closely related to the Chinese Fujian goat strain,while ORFV-LT was far from the reference strains,and was a separate branch.The results showed that ORFV had obvious difference in immune related genes between sheep and camels,it provided a reference basis for further research on the changes of ORFV gene sequences in different species and the development of vaccines for different species in the future.     

玉米、小麦、水稻秸秆自然发酵的生化变化

测定玉米、小麦、水稻干秸秆在自然发酵中的生化变化.结果表明:玉米秸秆气味香甜,pH下降迅速并保持在4.2以下,挥发性发酵产物种类有13种,主要为乙醇、乙酸、乳酸及甘油等利于提高饲料品质的物质;而小麦和水稻秸秆质地生硬,生料气味,pH下降困难,挥发性发酵产物多达20种,其中乳酸和乙酸较少,而产生丁酸等影响发酵品质的物质较多;发酵物中可溶性糖含量的变化在一定程度上反映其优劣;当发酵初期可溶性糖较多时,pH下降迅速,后期可溶性糖含量平稳;而当初期可溶性糖含量较低时,pH下降缓慢,后期可溶性糖含量则一直下降.     

气候生态与栽培方式对砂梨生长结果习性的影响

在对地处同一纬度、不同海拔高度的利川市与荆州市的生态条件与砂梨栽培方式进行调查分析的基础上,探讨了气候生态条件和栽培方式对湖北省砂梨３个主栽品种黄花、湘南和长十郎的生长结果习性的影响。结果表明,鄂西南海拔１０００ｍ左右山地砂梨品种表现为干周大、树势强、物候期比江汉平原推迟１３～４０ｄ,相邻两物候期延长５～３１ｄ,树体生长期缩短２３～２５ｄ,新梢生长量、花序坐果率和花朵坐果率均极显著高于江汉平原,短果枝比例极显著低于江汉平原。两者对各品种之间的影响也存在不同程度的差异。     

不同含水量菜豆种子老化过程中生理特性的研究

 对不同含水量的菜豆种子( 2.1%、3.4%、3.8%、6.9%和9.0% ) 老化过程中的生理特性进行了研究。结果表明, 菜豆种子在含水量为318%时, 发芽率, 保护酶系统( SOD、POD和CAT) 活性和脱氢酶活性明显高于其它含水量的种子, 而脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性和丙二醛(MDA) 含量显著低于其它含水量的种子, 表现出较高的生活力。此结果表明适度降低菜豆种子的含水量可以提高其抗老化劣变能力;不同生活力的菜豆种子POD同工酶酶谱表现不同, 而SDS2PAGE蛋白质谱带则基本相同。     

云南派姬小蜂对其寄主及寄主植物相关化学线索的行为反应

与寄主植物和寄主相关的化学线索在寄生蜂的寄主搜寻过程中起着重要作用。云南派姬小蜂Pediobius yunnanensis是松树钻蛀性害虫——微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella的蛹寄生蜂,为了探究该寄生蜂对其寄主和寄主植物相关化学线索的行为反应,本研究进行了一系列试验。利用Y形嗅觉仪,测定了该寄生蜂对不同处理的油松球果（含蛹球果、含空蛹壳的球果、幼虫为害的球果和健康球果）和松枝（含蛹松枝、幼虫为害的松枝、含蛹球果的系统枝、含蛹松枝的系统枝和健康松枝）以及幼虫虫粪（3龄幼虫虫粪、含蛹球果内的幼虫虫粪）挥发物的趋性行为;在开放场中,测定了老熟幼虫爬行痕迹对该寄生蜂搜索行为的影响;利用双选择试验,在培养皿中测定了该寄生蜂对微红梢斑螟茧或蛹浸提液的行为反应。结果显示,在嗅觉试验中,含蛹球果、含有空蛹壳的球果挥发物对寄生蜂有极显著的引诱作用,而幼虫为害的球果和健康球果对寄生蜂的行为无明显影响;该寄生蜂对含蛹松枝挥发物表现出明显的正趋性反应,而对幼虫为害的松枝、含蛹球果的系统枝、含蛹松枝的系统枝以及健康松枝则无趋性反应;寄生蜂对含蛹球果中的幼虫虫粪挥发物表现出偏爱性,而对3龄幼虫虫粪无明显反应;在开放场中,老熟幼虫的爬行痕迹对寄生蜂的搜索行为无显著影响;在培养皿中,微红梢斑螟茧的甲醇、二氯甲烷或正己烷浸提液以及蛹的二氯甲烷或正己烷浸提液,不仅能强烈地吸引该寄生蜂,还能明显延长其停留时间。该结果为揭示云南派姬小蜂寄主搜寻行为的化学调控机制以及微红梢斑螟的生物防治提供理论依据。