吊杯式栽植器运动轨迹优化与试验

针对吊杯式移栽机膜上成穴移栽时膜面穴口大的问题,建立栽植机构的运动模型,通过分析栽植器的运动轨迹特性得出,当栽植器的运动轨迹为余摆线,且余摆线环扣最大横弦的距离等于轨迹线与地膜交点间的距离,栽植器在上拔阶段水平方向零速度点两侧打开,有利于减小膜面穴口尺寸。通过仿真分析和膜上移栽番茄盘苗试验得出,运动轨迹特征系数λ对膜面穴口的纵向尺寸影响显著,对横向尺寸和倾斜率影响不明显。随着λ值的增大,穴口纵向尺寸先减小然后增大,在移栽频率为50和55株·min^-1时,λ为1.093的穴口纵向尺寸分别为10.12 cm和9.49 cm,是最小值; 两种移栽频率条件下,随着λ值的增大,移栽株距分别从39.8 cm减小到33.5 cm和从39.1 cm减小到33.1 cm。该结论可用于指导吊杯式移栽机结构和工作参数的优选。     

一例鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和毛滴虫混合感染的诊治及防控

2020年10月份—2021年2月份,广西某养鸽场鸽群陆续出现乳鸽及种鸽死亡、鸽胚孵化率降低、部分种鸽有神经症状等情况,为了查找病因、确定诊治方案、降低经济损失,通过病史及用药史询问了解鸽群基本情况,采用临床检查、RT-PCR、血凝抑制试验、显微镜镜检及细菌分离鉴定等方法对病鸽进行综合诊断,并采用药敏试验选择有效药物,根据综合诊断及试验结果,对鸽场患病鸽群进行针对性防治并提出鸽场合理化防控建议。结果表明：该鸽场患病鸽确诊感染鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒(pigeon Paramyxo virusⅠ,PPMV-Ⅰ),并发感染大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和毛滴虫,分离菌株的混合菌液对亚胺培南、头孢替坦、多黏菌素B、米诺环素、美罗培南、链霉素、阿米卡星高敏。通过对鸽群进行新城疫疫苗紧急免疫,对发病鸽群进行敏感药物系统治疗并辅以鸽舍消毒和杀菌,鸽群恢复正常,鸽场疫情得到有效控制。说明该鸽场鸽群感染了PPMV-Ⅰ、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和毛滴虫,提示鸽场需提高生物安全意识,做好各类病原的防控措施及免疫程序。     

陆基玻璃钢设施养殖斑点叉尾鮰+稻蟹共作模式试验

<正>陆基玻璃钢设施养鱼+稻渔共作是将“玻璃钢设施养鱼”和“稻渔综合种养”二者有机结合,形成水产品养殖+水稻种植的综合种养模式。其中,“玻璃钢设施养鱼”是指在稻田边建设玻璃钢材质养鱼设施,将名优鱼高密度集中圈养,实现高产高效养殖;养殖尾水进入稻田进行净化,再通过稻田排水口进入排水沟,消毒、杀菌后用水泵抽入玻璃钢养殖设施,完成循环水生态养殖过程。“稻渔共作”是指稻田中种植水稻,     

基于单目视觉的田间菠萝果实识别

菠萝果实的准确识别是菠萝采摘机器人视觉系统的关键。针对田间复杂环境中的青色菠萝,采用图像处理技术、数学形态学方法,识别菠萝果眼,并获取果眼的中心点信息;引入层次聚类分类方法,对多个中心点进行聚类分析;求取最多点集的中心坐标,作为菠萝区域的近似形心。选用在广东湛江菠萝田间拍摄的35幅图像作为评价样本,经过运算,迎光条件下形心识别正确率达到85%。本研究为菠萝采摘机器人的田间果实识别提供了有效的技术方案。     

Impact of xylanases with different substrate selectivity on gluten-starch separation of wheat flour

The influence on wheat flour gluten-starch separation of a xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (XAA) with hydrolysis selectivity toward water extractable arabinoxylan (WE-AX) and that is not inhibited by wheat flour xylanase inhibitors was compared to that of a xylanase from Bacillus subtilis (XBS) with hydrolysis selectivity toward water unextractable arabinoxylan (WU-AX) and that is inhibited by such inhibitors. XAA improved gluten agglomeration through degradation of WE-AX and concomitant reduction in viscosity, which in the laboratory scale batter procedure with a set of vibrating sieves (400, 250, and 125 microm), increased protein recoveries on the 400 microm sieve. In contrast, XBS had a negative effect as it decreased gluten protein recovery on this sieve, probably as a result of the viscosity increase that accompanied WU-AX solubilization. Hence, it was active even if most likely a considerable part of its activity was prevented by xylanase inhibitors. A combination of XAA and XBS at a low dosage yielded a distribution of gluten proteins on the different sieves comparable to that of the control. At a high combined dosage, the gluten agglomeration was better than that with XAA alone, indicating that both WE-AX and WU-AX have a negative impact on gluten agglomeration. Finally, experiments with endoxylanase addition at different moments during the separation process suggest that the status of the arabinoxylan population during dough mixing is far less critical for its impact on gluten agglomeration than that during the batter phase.     

Induction of phase II detoxification enzymes in rats by plant-derived isothiocyanates: comparison of allyl isothiocyanate with sulforaphane and related compounds

Plants of the family Brassicaceae contain high levels of glucosinolates. The latter compounds are degraded to isothiocyanates, some of which have been shown to be potent inducers of phase II detoxification enzymes in vitro. In the present study, the ability of six plant-derived isothiocyanates (allyl isothiocyanate, iberverin, erucin, sulforaphane, iberin, and cheirolin) to increase tissue levels of the phase II detoxification enzymes quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in a variety of rat tissues has been compared. At the low dose level employed (40 micromol/kg/day), cheirolin was without effect in any tissue. All of the other isothiocyanates, however, increased GST and QR activities in the duodenum, forestomach, and/or the urinary bladder of the animals, with the greatest effects being seen in the urinary bladder. With the exception of cheirolin, little difference was observed in the inductive activity of the various isothiocyanates. Phase II enzymes are known to protect against chemical carcinogenesis, and the selectivity of isothiocyanates in inducing such enzymes in the bladder is of interest in view of recent epidemiological studies showing a decreased incidence of cancer of this organ in individuals with a high dietary intake of Brassica vegetables.     

东方百合“马可波罗”花器官的组织培养

以东方百合"马可波罗"的花被片、花丝、花托、子房为外植体,建立快速无性繁殖系。在本实验条件下,诱导花托、花被片、花丝、子房产生丛芽的最佳培养基分别为:MS 6-BA 0.5~3.0 mg/L NAA 0.1~0.2 mg/L、MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L、MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L和MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.2 mg/L;丛芽增殖的最佳培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L;生根结鳞茎的最佳培养基为1/2 MS 糖50~80 g/L NAA 0.4~0.8 mg/L。     

先秦至汉晋时期珍珠的考古发现与初步研究

我国古代先民很早便开始采捕珍珠。先秦以迄西汉中期,出土珍珠的墓葬或规模宏大,或随葬品丰富,反映出这一时期珍珠作为昂贵奢侈品流通的属性。而西汉中晚期以来,尤其是东汉时期,珍珠较多地在中小型墓中出现,表明珍珠的消费群体逐渐扩大。随着岭南珍珠开采和贸易的兴起,合浦成为海上丝绸之路的重要港口。先秦至汉晋时期,珍珠被广泛应用于装饰、丧葬、美容等领域,并被人们赋予一定的文化含义,从而影响着当时的社会生活。     

Encoding electronic properties by synthesis of axial modulation-doped silicon nanowires

We describe the successful synthesis of modulation-doped silicon nanowires by achieving pure axial elongation without radial overcoating during the growth process. Scanning gate microscopy shows that the key properties of the modulated structures-including the number, size, and period of the differentially doped regions-are defined in a controllable manner during synthesis, and moreover, that feature sizes to less than 50 nanometers are possible. Electronic devices fabricated with designed modulation-doped nanowire structures demonstrate their potential for lithography-independent address decoders and tunable, coupled quantum dots in which changes in electronic properties are encoded by synthesis rather than created by conventional lithography-based techniques.     

田径运动员训练规律探析

运用献综述法,对青少年运动员田径训练制胜规律进行探讨．结果发现：运动负荷逐渐加大、训练的超量恢复、训练过程和比赛相结合、防止专项成人化训练等因素是青少年田径运动员训练的制胜规律．