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The limited space in farrowing crate imposes many challenges, such as prolonged farrowing duration and high piglet stillbirth rate. Although the features of farrowing pens compensate for the drawbacks of farrowing crates, they are associated with high piglet crushing mortality caused by the greater space afforded to sows and their rolling-over behaviour. Therefore, a freedom farrowing pen was designed to overcome the drawbacks of both farrowing crates and farrowing pens. The main features of the freedom farrowing pen are its left anti-crushing bar and detachable right anti-crushing bar on the sides of the sow lying area. It also has a 10 cm-high anti-crushing bar in the non-lying area. Eighteen healthy, multiparous Yorkshire sows (3-7 parity) were averaged and randomly assigned to farrowing crates, farrowing pens, and freedom farrowing pens to compare the effects of the farrowing systems on sow behaviour and performance. Results showed that the farrowing duration and the mean piglet birth intervals were longer for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the sows in farrowing pens and those in freedom farrowing pens (P>0.05). The piglet stillbirth rate was higher for the sows in farrowing crates than for those in farrowing pens and freedom farrowing pens (P<0.001). Crushing mortality was higher among piglets in farrowing pens (P<0.001), but there was no difference between piglets in freedom farrowing pens and those in farrowing crates (P>0.05). The freedom farrowing pen and the farrowing pen allowed sows to turn around and move freely, but because of the different structures of their anti-crushing bars, the increase in sow movement did not cause higher piglet crushing mortality (P>0.05). Sows in freedom farrowing pens were found to be more protective of their piglets. 相似文献
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Wang Y Bai Y Qu Q Xu J Chen Y Zhong Z Qiu Y Wang T Du X Wang Z Yu S Fu S Yuan J Zhen Q Yu Y Chen Z Huang L 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,151(3-4):354-362
Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development. 相似文献
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研究口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)非结构蛋白(NSP) 2C在区分灭活疫苗免疫动物与自然感染动物方面的意义.本研究将FMDV NSP 2C基因,克隆到穿梭载体pFast-bac- HT-B,将其转入含骨架载体Bacmid的DH10Bac,经蓝白斑筛选得到重组骨架质粒Bacmid-2C.将Bacmid-2C转染昆虫细胞Sf9,鉴定正确后,经3次增殖获得高滴度的P-3代病毒后,在High Five细胞中进行目的蛋白的表达.SDS-PAGE结果显示在High Five细胞中得到了相对分子质量约为38.93 ku的目的蛋白2C,Western blotting及Dot-ELISA结果显示,该表达产物对FMDV感染动物阳性血清有良好的反应性.以电泳纯化的2C蛋白为抗原建立间接ELISA,检测健康非免疫动物、免疫动物及FM-DV试验感染动物血清,结果表明2C-ELISA不但能区分免疫动物和感染动物的血清,而且还能检测FMDV感染早期动物血清中的2C抗体.说明昆虫细胞表达的2C蛋白可作为FMDV疫苗免疫动物与自然感染动物鉴别诊断的良好抗原.2C基因在Bac-to-Bac系统中的成功表达为建立通过检测几种NSP抗体,筛查感染及隐性带毒动物,净化畜群的方法奠定了基础. 相似文献
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为研究醋糟作为粗纤维饲料对獭兔肉品质的影响,选择90日龄健康的生长獭兔180只,随机分成6组,分别饲喂6种不同比例醋糟替代谷草与小米壳(0%、7%、14%、21%、28%和35%)的饲粮。结果表明:各组氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);在人体必需氨基酸含量方面,各试验组都有一定程度的提高,其中35%组最高(P>0.05);兔肉中蛋白、灰分与水分含量各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。脂肪含量35%组与对照组接近,与21%组差异显著(P<0.05);各组滴水损失、熟肉率及剪切力差异不显著(P>0.05);肉色方面,35%组与对照组最低;在pH值方面,对照组与各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,从兔肉的营养价值和饲料成本等综合考虑,在獭兔日粮中添加35%的醋糟对肉品质效果较好。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探索红细胞生成素受体基因(EPOR)影响红细胞相关性状的分子机理.对EPOR基因第1内含子和第4内含子突变位点g.705G>T和g.2373C>T,以飞行时间质谱进行个体基因型分型,在构建的大白猪×民猪F2代资源群体内开展其与6种血常规性状(红细胞压积、血红蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白量、平均红细胞体积、红细胞计数及红细胞分布宽度)的关联分析.结果表明,第1内含子突变位点g.705G>T未发现与血常规性状显著关联;第4内含子突变位点g.2373C>T群体内只发现2种基因型,其中CT基因型个体的红细胞压积显著高于CC基因型个体(P<0.05),但并未发现与其他性状显著关联.结果显示,EPOR基因突变可显著影响红细胞压积,说明该基因可作为影响红细胞压积的主效候选基因开展深入研究. 相似文献
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利用长距离RT-PCR技术扩增病毒基因组3'端覆盖口蹄疫病毒Asial/JS/China/2005株近全长的3个片段(共约7.5 kb),并利用单一酶切位点将其分别克隆到pBlueseriptSK+载体上.利用融合PCR扩增到基因组5'端含有15个C碱基的基因片段(约700 bp),并将其连接至pGEM-T载体.最后将这4个片段的阳性克隆装配至剔除T7启动子的低拷贝载体pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+)中构建该病毒株的全长cDNA克隆.以构建的FMDV Asial/JS/China/2005株全长cDNA为模板,使用TTRNA聚合酶在体外转录得到病毒RNA,通过脂质体将其导入BHK细胞获得拯救病毒.对收获的病毒分别用RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光、电子显微镜观察和乳鼠致病性分析结果证实,通过体外转录获得了具有感染性的口蹄疫病毒.该株感染性克隆的构建为深入研究口蹄疫病毒的致病机制及研制新型疫苗等奠定了基础. 相似文献