Purification of chicken carbonic anhydrase isozyme-III (CA-III) and its measurement in White Leghorn chickens

Background

The developmental profile of chicken carbonic anhydrase-III (CA-III) blood levels has not been previously determined or reported. We isolated CA-III from chicken muscle and investigated age-related changes in the levels of CA-III in blood.

Methods

CA-III was purified from chicken muscle. The levels of CA-III in plasma and erythrocytes from 278 female chickens (aged 1-93 weeks) and 68 male chickens (aged 3-59 weeks) were determined by ELISA.

Results

The mean level of CA-III in female chicken erythrocytes (1 week old) was 4.6 μg/g of Hb, and the CA-III level did not change until 16 weeks of age. The level then increased until 63 weeks of age (11.8 μg/g of Hb), decreased to 4.7 μg/g of Hb at 73 weeks of age, and increased again until 93 weeks of age (8.6 μg/g of Hb). The mean level of CA-III in erythrocytes from male chickens (3 weeks old) was 2.4 μg/g of Hb, and this level remained steady until 59 weeks of age. The mean plasma level of CA-III in 1-week-old female chickens was 60 ng/mL, and this level was increased at 3 weeks of age (141 ng/mL) and then remained steady until 80 weeks of age (122 ng/mL). The mean plasma level of CA-III in 3-week-old male chickens was 58 ng/mL, and this level remained steady until 59 weeks of age.

Conclusion

We observed both developmental changes and sex differences in CA-III concentrations in White Leghorn (WL) chicken erythrocytes and plasma. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant association between the erythrocyte CA-III level and egg-laying rate in WL-chickens 16-63 weeks of age (p < 0.01).     

Population study and validation of paternity testing for Thoroughbred horses by 15 microsatellite loci.

Microsatellite 15 TKY System was characterized for parentage verification of horse registry. The Microsatellite 15 TKY System was constructed by using 15 microsatellites, TKY279, TKY287, TKY294, TKY297, TKY301, TKY312, TKY321, TKY325, TKY333, TKY337, TKY341, TKY343, TKY344, TKY374, and TKY394, to provide stringent PCR-based microsatellite typing specifically optimized for multicolor fluorescence detection. The Microsatellite 15 TKY System showed good resolutions for 250 unrelated Thoroughbred horses, and the probability of exclusion (PE) at each microsatellite ranged from 0.437 to 0.621, resulting in a total PE value of 99.998% for Thoroughbred horses. These results indicated that the Microsatellite 15 TKY System is useful for paternity testing of Thoroughbred horses. A paternity testing case for a Thoroughbred horse family, in which candidate sires had close relations, was analyzed using the Microsatellite 15 TKY System. In this case, the Microsatellite 15 TKY System excluded paternity of a false sire. We concluded that the Microsatellite 15 TKY System can give sufficient and reliable information for paternity testing.     

A preliminary investigation on microstructural characteristics of interfacial zone between cement and exploded wood fiber strand by using SEM-EDS

The hydration behavior and strength performance of cement mixed with exploded wood fiber strand (WFS) obtained by the water-vapor explosion process have been studied previously. In the current study, the microstructural characteristics of cement–exploded WFS interfacial zone were examined using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The Ca/Si ratios at the interfacial zones and the elemental compositions of hydration products deposited in the tracheid lumen were investigated. In addition, the morphological differences and compositional variations of hydration products that developed on the wood surfaces were examined. The results revealed that the Ca/Si ratios at the interfacial zones were strongly influenced by the mixture compositions, and that the elemental compositions of the hydration products that filled the tracheid lumen were significantly different from those of the cement paste in the mixtures. Differences in morphology and composition of hydration products at the wood surfaces were also observed to correspond to the different mixture compositions. These characteristics are considered to be directly related to the bond property, and thus, to the mechanical performance of WCM.Part of this report was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, March 2003     

Dimensional stability of wood acetylated with acetic anhydride solution of glucose pentaacetate

Five wood species were acetylated with acetic anhydride (AA) solution of glucose pentaacetate (GPA) at 120°C for 8h, and the effect of GPA on the dimensional stability of the acetylated wood was investigated. Some GPA was introduced into the wood cell wall during acetylation. The GPA remaining in the cell lumen penetrated the cell wall effectively after heating to more than 140°C for 10min. The bulking effects of GPA resulted in a 10%–30% increase in the anti-swelling efficiency of the acetylated wood with 20% GPA/AA solution in place of AA. Hydrophobic GPA did not deliquesce under highly humid conditions and it remained in the cell wall after boiling in water.Part of this paper was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1988     

晚糯稻突变体新品种浙糯36的选育研究

采用60 Coγ射线 2 0 0Gy辐照处理 (晚粳“丙 92 1 2 4” 晚糯“绍糯选”)F2 干种子 ,经多代筛选获得晚糯稻突变体ZH2 0 6。ZH2 0 6经试种表现为产量高、籽粒大且品质优。 2年、2地区域试验比对照平均增产 9 4% ;籽粒较双亲明显增大 ,千粒重较母本丙 92 1 2 4重 4 1g ,较父本绍糯选重 3 6g ,千粒重达 30g以上。糯性优于对照祥湖 84,更优于亲本绍糯选。 2 0 0 3年通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定 ,命名为“浙糯 36” ,成为近 2 0年来在浙江省 (市 )级晚粳糯稻区域试验中 ,增产幅度和籽粒均达到最大的晚糯稻审定品种。该品种的选育成功表明辐射诱变同步改良糯稻多个性状的可能性与有效性。     

抗黄矮病小麦种质的分子标记

应用基因组原位杂交技术分析了抗小麦黄矮病种质的遗传组成,研究表明小麦一中间但麦草部分双二倍体无芒中4(2n=56)具有40条小麦染色体、5对中间僵麦草染色体、3对小麦/中间僵麦草易位染色体,其中1对是罗伯逊氏易位染色体。结果表明无芒中4与远中5的遗传组成有明显差异,是两种不同类型的材料。抗黄矮病小麦种质F940418, T10     

Study of hydration behavior of wood cement-based composite II: effect of chemical additives on the hydration characteristics and strengths of wood-cement composites

The influence of the 30 chemical additives on the hydration characteristics of birch wood-cement-water mixture was determined by measuring the maximum hydration temperature (T _max) and the time (t _max) required to reach the temperature. The chemical additives were tested and divided into two types depending on the pattern of exothermic reaction peak within the 24-h observation period. The wood-cement-water mixtures with additions of each of the 11 type I chemical additives showed a two-peak temperature-time curve similar to that for neat cement. CaCl₂, FeCl₃, and SnCl₂ reached the highestT _max above 50°C. When the 19 type II chemical additives were included, the mixtures offered only one peak hydration temperature-time curve. Among them, the 10 chemical additives caused an obvious temperature increase at the beginning of the hydration reaction. The most significant effect was with the addition of diethanolamine, where the mixture produced aT _max above 50°C. The strength values (modulus of rupture, internal bond strength) of word-cement board were tested with separate additions of the 10 chemical additives arranged by the highestT _max. There was a good positive correlation betweenT _max and the strength values. In addition, the composite chemical additives were preliminarily examined to determine if they accelerated the hydration reaction of blast-furnace slag cement. The results revealed that composite chemical additives evidently accelerated the hydration reaction and the setting of blast-furnace slag cement mixed with wood. Blast-furnace slag cement can thus be considered for use as an acceptable inorganic bonding material for wood-cement panel manufacture.Part of this report was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

Hydration behavior of wood cement-based composite I: evaluation of wood species effects on compatibility and strength with ordinary portland cement

As an essential preliminary evaluation for understanding the hydration behavior of wood-cement-water mixtures, an isothermal calorimetry and experimental method were used to measure the hydration heat of woodcement-water mixtures. The compatibility of 38 wood species with ordinary portland cement was studied using this procedure. Based on the results, all the wood species tested were classified into two groups. The 24 species included in the first group showed a moderating influence on the hydration reaction of cement, and a maximum temperature (T _max) peak during the exothermic reaction while the cement set appeared within 24h for each species. The other 14 species inhibited cement hydration completely. According to the maximum hydration temperature (T _max) and the time (T _max) required to reach the maximum temperature of the mixture, the suitability of each species in the first group was estimated when used as a raw material during production of cement-bonded particleboard. By testing mechanical properties [modulus of rupture (MOR) and internal bonding strength (IB)] during the board-making experiment using the same composition of wood-cement-water, a positive correlation was found betweenT _max andt _max and MOR and IB. The results imply that the method can be used as a predictor of the general inhibitory properties and feasibility of using wood species as raw materials prior to manufacture of cement-bonded particleboard.Part of this report was presented at the 49th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

粳稻耐旱突变体的诱发与鉴定

采用60Coγ射线200Gy辐照处理晚粳稻品种“浙粳20”纯系干种子,在其后代发现2个粳稻耐旱突变体G1和G2。经(生殖生长期)海南和杭州(营养生长期)耐旱性鉴定,2个突变体耐旱性明显优于原亲本“浙粳20”,也优于巴西陆稻“IAPAR-9”。普通灌溉栽培条件下的农艺性状测试表明,2个突变体对水陆环境具有较好的双重适应性。G1综合性状优良,可直接应用于生产,G2产量偏低,可作为新的优质耐旱种质利用。     

Effect of local stand density on reproductive processes of the sub-boreal conifer Picea jezoensis Carr. (Pinaceae)

The effect of local pollen donor density (conspecific) and local total tree density (all species) on pollen pool diversity, outcrossing rate, and filled seed ratio were examined in a natural stand of the sub-boreal conifer Picea jezoensis Carr. Seed cones were collected from 17 mother trees, and the percentage of filled seed were calculated for five cones per tree. In addition, local stand density of pollen donors and total trees were investigated within r<30 m from the focal mother trees. Using four polymorphic microsatellite markers, the average pairwise kinship coefficient F_S and multilocus outcrossing rate t_m were estimated on germinated seedlings sampled from 14 mother trees. F_S showed significant positive correlation to local total tree density (r=0.541, p=0.046). Since F_S is inversely proportional to the effective number of pollen donors N_ep, genetic diversity of pollen pool was decreased in mother trees with higher local total tree density. Applying a generalized linear mixed model to filled seed ratio and local stand density of pollen donors and total trees, a negative impact of local pollen donors on filled seed ratio was found. We conclude that both local stand density as well as global stand density are important in the management of a natural stand of P. jezoensis.