粳稻近缘品种的SSR分析

 选用38对SSR引物，对16个日本优质米品种越光及其近缘品种进行了SSR标记分析。结果表明，有8对引物在品种间表现多态性，多态性引物检出率为21.1%，平均每对引物检测到2.25个等位基因。8个引物组合在一起，除了早喜光和日光2个品种不能区分外，其余品种均能有区别。多态性检出率亲本间为18.4%，越光及其衍生品种间为0~158%，表明近缘品种间多态性检出率较低。     

Effect of boiled barley-rice-feeding in hypercholesterolemic and normolipemic subjects

Barley contains approximately 10% dietary fiber and is easily cooked with rice, the dominant cereal in Japan, to increase the intake of dietary fiber. This research involved three experiments to examine the influence of barley on blood lipids in human subjects. All subjects received a boiled barley-rice (50/50 w/w mix) supplement two times per day in place of rice for 2 or 4 weeks. In the normolipemic subjects, serum lipids were unaffected by the ingestion of barley for 4 weeks. In twenty hypercholesterolemic men aged 41 ± 5 years, the ingestion of barley was associated with a significant fall in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, phospholipids and LDL and VLDL-lipoproteins. In seven mildly hypercholesterolemic women aged 56±7 years, a significant improvement of serum lipid profiles was observed. The present study suggests the possibility that the ingestion of barley-rice could lower serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects.     

Use of chrysanthemum plantlets grown in vitro to test cultivar susceptibility to white rust, Puccinia horiana P. Hennings

An efficient incubation and inoculation system for white rust was established using plantlets of chrysanthemum growing in vitro. The internal conditions of a culture vessel (plant box) were maintained at a humidity of 90‐100% and an optimum temperature of 20‐25°C, which are suitable conditions to germinate teliospores and basidiospores of the pathogen. Telia were maintained continuously on plants in the plant box and were used as an inoculum for infection experiments throughout the year, allowing differences in susceptibility to white rust among chrysanthemum cultivars to be detected. Susceptibility to white rust in the plant‐box evaluation showed a good correlation with the rating of sporulation on plants grown in a greenhouse. The method described here is a simple, space‐saving inoculation system to evaluate the susceptibility of chrysanthemums to white rust.     

粳稻品种SSR多态性检出率的分析

 用395对SSR引物测得多态性检出率：日本近缘品种（粳型）间为11.12%，日本近缘品种与意大利品种（粳型）间、与美国品种（籼型）间及与菲律宾品种（籼型）间分别为17.58%、20.80%和38.62%，显示相同粳稻生态型品种间多态性检出率低于不同生态型品种间，而相同粳稻生态型内，日本近缘品种间的多态性检出率更低。在日本近缘品种中，不同品种间多态性检出率差异较大，其变幅为3.79~15.95%。此外，不同染色体间引物的多态性检出率也存在较大差异，其中第10染色体的供试引物多态性检出率无论在不同生态型品种间或相同生态型品种间均最低。     

Limited but specific variations of seed storage proteins in Japanese common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The electrophoretic banding patterns ofgliadin in common wheat lines derived fromJapan were determined byacid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For the 107 wheat lines used in our study,27 different patterns were identified, 13corresponding to the -gliadin, 8 tothe , -gliadin and 6 to the-gliadin. The gliadin patterns ofJapanese wheat cultivars and landracesgreatly differed from the patterns of wheatlines from other countries, and thevariation seen in wheat lines from Japanwas limited to 46 patterns. Sevencollection or breeding areas in Japanshowed different frequencies in theirgliadin patterns. Combining the gliadinpatterns with high molecular weightglutenin subunit compositions, 67combinations were observed. One gliadinpattern consisting of -gliadinpattern F, , -gliadinpattern H and -gliadin pattern Dwas frequently found in many Japanese wheatlines, though the other patterns werelimited to only one or two wheat lines.     

利用精密作图和DNA纤维荧光原位杂交把灯笼椒抗烟草花叶病毒属病毒L^3基因定位于含高度重复序列的类抗病基因簇的400kb区

我们用辣椒（Capsicum annuum）栽培种（已导入了灯笼椒Capsicum chinense L^3 基因）的种内F2代群体（2016株）和种间F2代群体（3391株）（由灯笼椒与Capsicum frutescence杂交产生）对灯笼椒抗烟草花叶病毒属病毒的L^3基因进行定位。通过L^3基因抗性紧密相关的AFLP分子标记的BAC文库的分析,揭示出番茄抗病同源基因12的存在。通过简并PCR技术,对来自35株不同辣椒的同源基因12的部分或全部编码序列进行克隆,且在种间组合中产生了17个遗传标记。图谱显示：L^3基因位于12同源基因标记IH1—04和BAC—end标记189D23M中间,L^3基因定位于包含两个不同BAC重叠群的区内,这两个不同的BAC重叠群分别由4个和1个无性系组成。DNA纤维荧光原位杂交揭示这两个重叠群被约30kb隔开。DNA纤维荧光原位杂交结果和BAC无性系的Southern杂交表明在高度重复序列中富集包含L^3基因位点的区。Southern杂交表明两个BAC重叠群包含多于十个的12同源基因拷贝体。相反,对于种间F2代群体,,重组后代没有结合位点,在种内F2代群体中,该结合位点存在于两个不同的BAC重叠群内,这两个不同的BAC重叠群分别由7个和2个无性系组成。而且,两个群体间结合位点分配的不同表明在含有L基因位点的区域连锁不平衡。     

Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus: a tentative, novel double-stranded RNA virus that is relevant to gentian Kobu-sho syndrome

A virus-like dsRNA of about 23 kbp was detected in gentian plants showing Kobu-sho syndrome including stunting, shortened internodes, and tumors on stems, nodes and roots. Nucleotide sequence analysis has suggested that this dsRNA is related to Pestivirus species but not to any other plant viruses. It was protected from externally added RNase, suggesting that the dsRNA is encapsidated. The dsRNA was co-extracted in a crude homogenate of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue with the virus-like particles that have been associated previously with Kobu-sho syndrome in gentian (Usugi et al. Jpn J Phytopathol 76:21–24, 2010). The RNA sequence was detected in more than 99 % of Kobu-sho gentian individuals but in less than 20 % of apparently healthy gentian individuals from fields affected with Kobu-sho. Thus, we propose naming the virus Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus.