棉花产量与苗情、气候关系研究

根据湖南省多年多点的棉花苗情定点观察与气象观测资料,采用相关及多种回归分析方法,研究棉花产量与苗情性状及气候条件相互间的内在联系和定量关系,找出影响棉花生长发育及产量形成的主导因素,并根据所建立的回归方程进行苗情预测预报,从而提出有效的促控指标,为指挥棉花生产,作出宏观决策提供科学依据。     

Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in foods

An isocratic liquid chromatographic (LC) technique is described for the determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in foods such as beverages, fruits, seafood, vegetables, sauces, and dairy, bakery, and confectionery products. A C18 column is used with methanol-phosphate buffer (5 + 95) as mobile phase and 4-hydroxyacetanilide or 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as internal standard. Sample preparation is simple, rapid, and produces a sample extract that has a minimum effect on the column performance and life. Specificity of the method was checked against common food additives such as L-ascorbic acid, caffeine, artificial sweeteners (saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame), antioxidants (BHT, BHA) and artificial colors. Also described are 2 procedures for confirmation of the preservatives, using either redox reaction of sorbic acid with potassium permanganate or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mean recoveries of 90-105% were obtained with a precision of 1-6% and a detection limit of 20 mg/kg for the 2 preservatives.     

数字图书馆建设的实践与思考

数字图书馆作为一种拥有丰富的数字化信息资源、多种形态的媒体内容、能方便地为读者所利用的知识管理体系,已经从理论探索进入实际建设与实际应用阶段.中国高校图书馆在经历了传统图书馆、现代图书馆之后,正在向着数字图书馆发展.图书馆建设要应对这种新的变化与转型,并要不失时机地抓住机遇迎接挑战.分析北京农学院数字图书馆建设的现实需求与客观条件,总结数字图书馆建设的阶段性成果,并就数字图书馆建设过程中的若干问题进行了探讨.     

中生菌素及其在绿色食品生产中的应用

通过对中生菌素的有效组分、作用机理及安全性分析及4年的多点试验、示范,证明中生菌素能有效防治水稻白叶枯病、大白菜软腐病、苹果轮纹病等细菌性、真菌性病害,是生产绿色食品的理想药剂之一.     

家蚕谷氨酸转运蛋白基因克隆及序列分析

谷氨酸转运蛋白(EAAT)主要存在于神经、神经原及神经胶质细胞浆膜上,对胞外谷氨酸浓度进行调节,在维持细胞正常的生理状态、避免神经元过度兴奋方面起着重要的作用.利用鳞翅目粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)和双翅目拟暗果蝇(Drosophila pseudoobscura)的谷氨酸转运蛋白序列为问询序列,在家蚕基因组数据库中进行同源检索,找到2个EAAT基因的同源基因(BmEAAT),并进行了克隆测序.两个BmEAAT基因均含8个外显子,编码蛋白均为膜蛋白,各有8个跨膜结构域.多物种的同源基因序列的系统发生分析结果表明:家蚕的两个EAAT拷贝至少在鳞翅目与双翅目分化前就已存在.基因芯片数据显示BmEAAT的两个拷贝在家蚕5龄3天的组织表达模式有明显差异,表明这两个基因的功能可能已经分化.     

A domain in TNF receptors that mediates ligand-independent receptor assembly and signaling

A conserved domain in the extracellular region of the 60- and 80-kilodalton tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) was identified that mediates specific ligand-independent assembly of receptor trimers. This pre-ligand-binding assembly domain (PLAD) is physically distinct from the domain that forms the major contacts with ligand, but is necessary and sufficient for the assembly of TNFR complexes that bind TNF-alpha and mediate signaling. Other members of the TNFR superfamily, including TRAIL receptor 1 and CD40, show similar homotypic association. Thus, TNFRs and related receptors appear to function as preformed complexes rather than as individual receptor subunits that oligomerize after ligand binding.     

组培枣苗基因组DNA提取方法及其含量的比较

本文以组培二倍体木枣、四倍体变异苗和二倍体京枣苗为供试材料,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度检测技术,研究了不同提取方法对其叶片基因组DNA的提取效果。结果表明,CTAB法提取枣叶片DNA的效果优于SDS法,表现为蛋白质杂质干扰少,DNA结构完整、纯度与得率高;用不同方法提取的样液中DNA片段的大小和分布是不同的,以改进的CTAB法提取的样液中大片段的DNA分子较多,所以在其底部分布较多,而用SDS法提取的样液中小片段的DNA分子较多,故在其上部分布较多;电泳时不同的加样量获得的DNA带也有较大差异,试验选出CTAB法提取样液的适宜的加样量为5μL（7.485μg）,SDS法提取样液的适宜的加样量为4μL（5.988μg）;枣品种间DNA的含量明显不同,木枣四倍体的DNA含量（3.074μg/μL）相当于组培木枣二倍体（1.497μg/μL）的2倍,也明显地高于京枣二倍体（2.182μg/μL）。这些结果为枣树遗传种质资源的研究奠定了一定的科学与技术基础。     

Global dung beetle response to tropical forest modification and fragmentation: A quantitative literature review and meta-analysis

Although insects are crucial for maintaining ecosystem function, our understanding of their overall response to human activity remains limited. This is no less true of dung-burying beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), which provide a suite of critical ecosystem functions and services, yet but face multiple conservation threats, particularly from landscape conversion. Here we use a review and meta-analysis to synthesize the current knowledge concerning response to tropical forest modification and fragmentation of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). For every modified habitat type and individual forest fragment across 33 studies, we calculated six dung beetle community parameters, standardized relative to intact tropical forest. We organized modified habitats along an approximate disturbance gradient ranging from selectively logged, late and early secondary forest, through agroforestry, tree plantations, to annual crops, cattle pastures and clear-cuts. Secondary forests, selectively logged forest and agroforests supported rich communities with many intact forest species, while cattle pastures and clear-cuts contained fewer species overall with few forest-dwelling species. Abundance generally declined with increasing modification, but was quite variable. Communities in open habitats were often characterized by hyper-abundance of a small number of small-bodied species, leading to low evenness. Across fragmentation studies, dung beetle species richness, abundance and evenness declined in smaller forest fragments. Richness and abundance sometimes declined in more isolated fragments, although this response appeared to depend on matrix quality. Across both habitat modification and fragmentation studies, geographic location and landscape context appeared to modify dung beetle response by influencing the available pool of colonists. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and conclude with recommendations for management and conservation and for future research.