基于紫外指纹图谱技术的食醋品种检测方

以不同食醋为研究对象,采用旋转蒸发、紫外光谱扫描等手段研究了波长范围、蒸发液稀释比例、蒸发温度和参比液质量浓度等对食醋紫外吸收曲线的影响,确定了食醋紫外指纹图谱检测方法的试验条件:扫描波长范围245～330nm,蒸发液稀释比例1:6,蒸发温度45℃,冰醋酸参比液质量浓度45g/L.以曲线间的相似度为指标验证了方法的重现性、稳定性和差异性,结果表明:各个食醋样品3次重复测定的指纹图谱间相似度均大于0.90,同一样品图谱的重现性良好;各个食醋样品在不同存放期的紫外指纹图谱间相似度均大于0.90,同一样品图谱的稳定性良好;各个不同食醋样品的紫外指纹图谱之间的相似度均小于0.90,不同样品图谱的差异性良好.     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1株OmpA基因表达与抗原性鉴定

为了研究禽多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)外膜蛋白A(Omp A)的免疫原性,根据C48-1菌株Omp A基因序列设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR方法扩增去信号肽的成熟Omp A基因.将去信号肽的成熟Omp A基因扩增片段双酶切后,克隆到p GEX-6p-1表达载体中,构建重组表达质粒p GEX-Omp A,转化宿主菌BL21并经异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达.SDS-PAGE的结果显示,融合蛋白GST-Omp A大小约为63 ku,与预期的分子质量相符.免疫印迹分析结果表明,该融合蛋白与鸡抗Pm血清具有明显的免疫反应,说明Omp A具有良好的抗原性,这为禽Pm Omp A在免疫防御研究中的应用奠定了基础.     

中国不同区域耕地资源变化状况、原因及保护措施

近年来中国耕地面积年净减少量呈扩大之势,2003年净减少量与当年耕地面积之比达2.06%。年净减少量较大的区域有西北区、中部区和西南区,分别占全国总量的23.9%、22.2%和19.5%。在增加耕地面积的因子中,土地整理、土地复垦、土地开发与农业结构调整分别占总增加量的13.1%、17.5%、32.0%、37.4%。在减少耕地面积的因子中,建设用地、灾毁耕地、生态退耕、农业结构调整(改园挖塘)分别占总减少量的13.7%、5.3%、59.6%、21.4%。通过实施严格控制建设用地,加强土地整理、复垦、开发,推行农业结构调整,加大“沃土工程”实施力度提高耕地质量,加大科技含量提高单产和产品质量,利用生态退耕提高土地利用质量等保护耕地措施,确保2010年全国耕地面积不低于12250万hm2     

EPS364, a Novel Deep-Sea Bacterial Exopolysaccharide,Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth and Adhesion

The prognosis of liver cancer was inferior among tumors. New medicine treatments are urgently needed. In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide EPS364 was purified from Vibrio alginolyticus 364, which was isolated from a deep-sea cold seep of the South China Sea. Further research showed that EPS364 consisted of mannose, glucosamine, gluconic acid, galactosamine and arabinose with a molar ratio of 5:9:3.4:0.5:0.8. The relative molecular weight of EPS364 was 14.8 kDa. Our results further revealed that EPS364 was a β-linked and phosphorylated polysaccharide. Notably, EPS364 exhibited a significant antitumor activity, with inducing apoptosis, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Huh7.5 liver cancer cells. Proteomic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses indicated that EPS364 inhibited cancer cell growth and adhesion via targeting the FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that EPS364 is a promising antitumor agent for pharmacotherapy.     

Bioaccumulation and Effects of Heavy Metals in Crayfish: A Review

Metal pollution is a global problem which represents a growing threat to the environment. Because of bioaccumulation and negative effects of heavy metals, their bioavailability needs to be monitored. Many studies showed accumulation of metals in crayfish tissues as dose- and time-dependent without significant differences in tissue concentration levels comparing males and females. Muscles and exoskeleton were considered as specific for accumulation of mercury and nickel, respectively. Cadmium, zinc, copper, lead, and chromium accumulated mainly in hepatopancreas. By analyzing these specific tissues, it is possible to deduce the bioavailability and, by presumption, the level of environmental pollution by specific metals. However, in the case of zinc and copper, their utility is limited to assessing bioavailability because rapid depuration of these metals renders them less useful for long-term environmental monitoring programs. The literature reporting heavy metal impacts on freshwater crayfish, with reference to accumulation levels, is reviewed and summarized with respect to their suitability as bioindicators. Summarized published data from unpolluted or control localities can be used as referential values in crayfish, and consequently help with evaluation of monitored sites.     

Giant piezoelectricity on Si for hyperactive MEMS

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) incorporating active piezoelectric layers offer integrated actuation, sensing, and transduction. The broad implementation of such active MEMS has long been constrained by the inability to integrate materials with giant piezoelectric response, such as Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT). We synthesized high-quality PMN-PT epitaxial thin films on vicinal (001) Si wafers with the use of an epitaxial (001) SrTiO(3) template layer with superior piezoelectric coefficients (e(31,f) = -27 ± 3 coulombs per square meter) and figures of merit for piezoelectric energy-harvesting systems. We have incorporated these heterostructures into microcantilevers that are actuated with extremely low drive voltage due to thin-film piezoelectric properties that rival bulk PMN-PT single crystals. These epitaxial heterostructures exhibit very large electromechanical coupling for ultrasound medical imaging, microfluidic control, mechanical sensing, and energy harvesting.     

防沙治沙技术对策的探讨

20 0 2年 1 0月 ,世界银行执行委员会通过了新的林业政策与战略 ,旨在保护发展中国家的环境的同时 ,改善以林为生的 5亿极端贫困的居民的生活。委员会强调实现环境保护和努力帮助穷人经营资源二者平衡的重要性。新的林业政策和战略覆盖了所有的森林类型 ,立足于以下 3个同等重要而又相互依赖的方面 :1保护森林提供当地和全球的环境服务和价值 ;2发挥森林的潜力 ,减少贫困 ;3将森林纳入经济可持续发展之中。新政策将努力在发展中国家增加 8%的保护区面积 ,并在这些林区执行严格的采伐禁令。另外 ,通过安排保护区外林区居民的再就业 ,努力改善…     

草木灰在古代医药领域中的再应用研究

草木灰是古代居民生活的重要副产品,它经历了由废弃物到宝贵医药原材料的过程。尤其是到了明清时期,草木灰的医学应用涉及到了当时人们治病疗伤的多个方面,甚至一些用法沿用至今。然而当今学术界对草木灰在古代医学领域中再利用的系统性研究尚且是个空白。随着中国的传统医药学越来越受到学术界及世人的关注,对古代草木灰药用价值的研究就显得更加必要。文章采用文献研究法参阅了大量资料,并结合了社会调查的方法,系统的揭示了草木灰在古代医疗及生活中再利用的各种方法,如解毒、止血、治疗痢疾、治疗难产及制作保健品等等。草木灰等废弃物再利用体现了古代社会基于循环经济的一种和谐自然观和朴素的生态经济观念。     

一种危害杧果幼果的瘿蚊科害虫

杧幼果普瘿蚊(Procontarinia frugivora Gagné)是目前已知唯一危害杧果果实的地区性害虫,国内尚未发生分布。本文综述了其分类地位、地理分布、成虫形态特征、生物学特性、传播途径等,讨论了其经济重要性及防治对策,提出了进境检疫鉴定方法,以期为进境检疫工作提供参考。