An octahedral coordination complex of iron(VI)

The hexavalent state, considered to be the highest oxidation level accessible for iron, has previously been found only in the tetrahedral ferrate dianion, FeO4(2-). We report the photochemical synthesis of another Fe(VI) compound, an octahedrally coordinated dication bearing a terminal nitrido ligand. M?ssbauer and x-ray absorption spectra, supported by density functional theory, are consistent with the octahedral structure having an FeN triple bond of 1.57 angstroms and a singlet d2(xy) ground electronic configuration. The compound is stable at 77 kelvin and yields a high-spin Fe(III) species upon warming.     

喷雾血浆蛋白是断奶仔猪营养的良好选择

喷雾血浆蛋白被称作“天然的抗菌促长剂”,用于非反刍动物饲料中,在欧盟和其它地方正日益受到青睐。     

农药对人体健康影响的风险评估

介绍了有关农药对人体健康风险评估的基本原则及程序。农药对人体健康的风险评估被许多国家政府机构和国际组织用作农药登记评审和农药安全性评价的重要依据,其风险评估程序包括危害性鉴定、剂量-反应评定、接触评定和风险描述四个步骤。危害性鉴定主要是研究农药可能对人体健康产生的影响;剂量-反应关系主要是研究对农药的不同接触水平可能导致的相应的影响健康的程度;接触评定是研究人们从食物、饮用水和其他各种可能途径中接触到的农药量,其中包括:饮食接触评定、职业接触评定和居住环境接触评定;风险描述是将危险鉴定、剂量-反应评定和接触评定的结果进行综合分析,来描述农药对公众健康总的影响。     

Intra-abdominal botryomycosis in a dog

A 6-year-old 41.8-kg (92-lb) sexually intact male German Shepherd Dog used as an attack and pursuit dog by the local police department was examined because of general malaise and sudden onset of ataxia. Abnormal findings included a high WBC count, fever, and ongoing weight loss. Physical examination was unrevealing initially, in part because of the aggressive nature of the dog. Following treatment with antibiotics, an abdominal mass was detected during a second physical examination, and was confirmed radiographically. Subsequent ultrasound examination revealed a walled mass of mixed echogenicity, with areas of detectable fluid movement. A laparotomy was performed to remove the mass, which weighed 2.2 kg (4.5 lb). Histologic findings were consistent with botryomycosis, and Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated on bacteriologic culture. Postoperative treatment consisted of intravenous, intra-abdominal, and oral administration of antibiotics. Diagnosis of botryomycosis requires histologic examination and bacteriologic culture of the lesion. Treatment consists of surgical intervention and administration of antimicrobials. Botryomycosis is a poorly understood and rarely reported disease found in many species. A computer search of the literature failed to reveal any previous reports of intra-abdominal botryomycosis in dogs.     

Effects of Postharvest Processing on Texture Profile Analysis of Cooked Rice

The effects of drying conditions, final moisture content, and degree of milling on the texture of cooked rice varieties, as measured by texture profile analysis, were investigated. Instrumentally measured textural properties were not significantly (α = 0.05) affected by drying conditions, with the exception of cohesiveness. Cohesiveness was lower in rice dried at lower temperatures (18°C or ambient) than in that dried at the higher commercial temperatures. Final moisture content and degree of milling significantly (α = 0.05) affected textural property values for adhesiveness, cohesiveness, hardness, and springiness; their effects were interdependent. The effects of deep milling were more pronounced in the rice dried to 15% moisture than that dried to 12%. In general, textural property values for hardness were higher and those for cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and springiness were lower in regular-milled rice dried to 15% moisture than in that dried to 12%. In contrast, hardness values were lower and cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and springiness values were higher in deep-milled rice dried to 15% moisture than in that dried to 12% moisture. Deep milling resulted in rice with lower hardness values and higher cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and springiness values.     

Post-tsunami rehabilitation of fish cage farms on the Andaman coast of Thailand

A post-tsunami rehabilitation of cage culture along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand was carried out in five provinces (Ranong, Phang-nga, Krabi, Trang and Satun) from September 2007 to February 2008. Based on the survey conducted, the money compensated subsequently used to buy materials for cage re-construction and cage repair accounted for 28.1% of the total, and to buy seed, feed and chemicals for culture operations, 15.8%. A surprising finding is that 56.1% of compensated money was used for other purposes. The analysis showed that the quality and quantity of equipment, seeds and feeds invested in aquaculture farms were increased in comparison with the pre-recovery period. Importantly, the farm area, growth rate, amount of product and revenue were improved during the post-tsunami rehabilitation period. Additionally, the area and quality of houses, household consumption, household infrastructures, health care and education were also improved. The satisfaction level of cage farmers in regard to the recovery programs was high (weigh average index = 3.88). The results from this study showed that the net economic profit (NEP) achieved was 41,030.49 baht/crop (33.9 baht = 1 US$) for sea bass culture, while NEP for grouper culture was 59,529.98 baht/crop. The result from the present study indicated that the economic value of cage culture farms was profitable. However, the seed shortage, high cost of trash fish, disease outbreak and marketing were among key problems and constraints encountered. In this study, we also found that the knowledge about fish marketing and culture techniques was poor. Therefore, technical, marketing and financial support are required for the future.     

Challenge with Bovine viral diarrhea virus by exposure to persistently infected calves: protection by vaccination and negative results of antigen testing in nonvaccinated acutely infected calves

Calves persistently infected (PI) with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) represent an important source of infection for susceptible cattle. We evaluated vaccine efficacy using calves PI with noncytopathic BVDV2a for the challenge and compared tests to detect BVDV in acutely or transiently infected calves versus PI calves. Vaccination with 2 doses of modified live virus vaccine containing BVDV1a and BVDV2a protected the calves exposed to the PI calves: neither viremia nor nasal shedding occurred. An immunohistochemistry test on formalin-fixed ear notches and an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on fresh notches in phosphate-buffered saline did not detect BVDV antigen in any of the acutely or transiently infected calves, whereas both tests had positive results in all the PI calves.     

Growth patterns of Slash and Caribbean Pine and their hybrids in Queensland

Summary Seasonal height and girth growth patterns of hybrids between Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii L. & D.) and Caribbean Pine (Pinus caribaea Mor. var hondurensis B. & G.) were compared with those of the parental species over one year at Beerwah Forest in southern coastal Queensland, Australia. The parental growth patterns differed markedly. Slash Pine had very vigorous early season growth, the rate then declined steadily through the later part of the season until the species entered winter dormancy. Caribbean Pine grew steadily throughout the year with late summer the most active period and winter the least. The hybrids combined the parental growth patterns with a consequent vigour advantage.Slash Pine showed a high degree of stem to stem synchronization of height growth in the early season, but much less in the later part, whilst height growth of Caribbean Pine was totally asynchronous. The hybrid was intermediate in stem to stem synchronization.The number of branch whorls produced by individual trees of Slash Pine on the main stem in the season 1965–1966 were found to be directly related to the length of the growing season for the tree concerned and also to the total height of the tree. Counts on trees at various centres in Queensland showed a decrease in branch whorl number per season with movement northwards suggesting a decrease in the length of the growing season of the species at lower latitudes. Possible physiological reasons for this are discussed.