烟中都有些什么?——木材工业中的放射性空气污染的研究(英文)

建造一座木材工业生产厂是需要达到一系列的国家立法要求。而达到这些要求是通过严格的科学研究和调查而得来的。在一个项目中,通常这是一个关键环节。大多高度工业化国家都具有严格的法律条例控制放射性粉尘和气体对环境所造成的污染。本文讨论的是在木材工业干燥过程的内部,什么是造成环境污染的环节因素,以化工生产条件所带来的影响为例,输入原材料的选择,干燥炉的设计,运作程序,以及燃料的选择。上述因素将会对烟囱污染带来什么样的影 响?本文采用国际通用的分析手法,准确地分析了放射性粉尘积累以及如何控制由此造成的空气污染。根据研究调查的积累进一步探讨如何以最佳的设计系统而达到控制污染。以冷凝缩代替热干燥将是一个新的值得考虑的工业化革新。参14。     

油茶林分生物量及生产力的研究

本文对３种不同产量水平的油茶林分生物量和生产力进行了测定和研究。结果表明：产油水平从高到低编号为Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ的样地，其林分总生物量分别为７５．７１、４１．５５、３０．４９ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，年平均净生产量分别是５．４９、３．１２、１．１７ｔ／ｈｍ＾２。各样地油茶林分各组分生物量所占比例的排序为干〉根〉枝〉叶〉果〉花。各组分枝叶比，果叶比、非光合与光合部分比值均为Ⅲ号样地最大。     

祝光耀副部长在全国山区林业综合开发和经济林建设现场会议上的总结讲话

祝光耀副部长在全国山区林业综合开发和经济林建设现场会议上的总结讲话（一九九四年九月二十三日）同志们：全国山区林业综合开发和经济林建设现场会议今天就要结束了。这次会议是在全国建设社会主义市场经济体制和加快林业改革开放步伐的重要时刻召开的。会议期间，大家...     

ARMILLARIA TRAPPING IN A PINUS KORAIENSIS PLANTATION IN NORTHEAST CHINA

Trap bags were used to assess the presence of an Armillaria species in a Pinus koraiensis plantation in Heilongjiang,China.216 trap bags containing bark were p1aced in three plots at 2×2m spacing.Afer 10 weeks,the presence of Armillaria was determined from the growth of rhizomorphs in the trap bags.The trap bag method proved successful in determining the presence of viable Armillaria rhizomorphs where only a few dead trees showed signs of the diseade.The distribution of positive traps corresponded generally with the presence of rhizomorphs in the soil taken from the trap holes.However,the trap bags were superior to soil samples for evaluating the presence of viable rhizomorphs.The fresh,abundant rhizomorphs were easily identified by persons inexperienced in the assessment of Armillaria root rot.Several practical problems need to solved before the method is applicable in general forest manage-ment in China.     

Preliminary Accounting on Economic Value of Bamboo Resource in China

The current area of bamboo resource in China is 7.21 million ha, 4.21 million ha of which is the pure bamboo forest The stock value of the bamboo resource is 30.312 billion Renminbi (RMB) yuan, the present value of actual output from bamboo wood and shoot is 149.062 billion RMB yuan. The bamboo forest land is valuated as much as 8.133 billion RMB yuan. It is raised to improve the production and management conditions of the 2nd and 3rd type bamboo forests to raise production capacity of wood and shoot and output of processed products from bamboo.     

厚朴年生育规律的研究

厚朴是我国特有、珍稀药用树种。厚朴枝、叶生长的特殊性是构成厚朴特有生长规律的生理基础;“厚朴叶片簇生枝基” 的发现,纠正了自厚朴新种发表以来,近80年的错误记载;厚朴年生育规律主要决定于其生物学特性,同时受气候因素影响.     

东北东部天然次生林的景观格局及破碎化分析——以黑龙江省帽儿山林场为例(英文)

帽儿山地区是东北东部山区较典型的天然次生林区,随着天然林保护工程的实施,森林经营管理越来越要求集约化,对天然次生林区的景观格局分析及评价是极其必要的。利用帽儿山林场1∶10000 的林相图(根据1999 年航测照片及1999 年调查材料绘制而成),1∶10000 的土地利用现状图(1999)和实地调查资料,在ARC/INFO 支持下,应用地理信息系统技术,对帽儿山林场各种景观类型的形状指数,破碎化指数进行了分析。自然景观的形状指数,形状破碎化指数均大于人工景观,而景观斑块数破碎化指数取决于斑块数目的多少。其中,天然林受人为干预较小,形状复杂,其形状指数大于人工林;人为控制的景观,如苗圃、农地、采伐迹地等,形状较规则,形状指数较小;天然林的景观斑块数破碎化指数大于人工林,也大于非林地。软阔叶林的景观斑块数破碎化指数最大。图3 参11。     

细胞质雄性不育陆地棉的细胞质效应

哈克尼西棉细胞质与陆地棉核互作不但引起花粉母细胞的败育，而且也影响到胚囊育性，具体表现与保持系比较，不育系的胚珠显著变小，不孕籽率显著变高和异常胚囊的增多，不育系不杂交，Ｆ１的花粉育性接种正常，但自交结铃率仍较低，表明哈克尼西棉不育细胞地对Ｆ１的育怀有一定程度的负效应。然而，这种负效应可以通过优良不育系和强恢复系的选与得以克服或减轻到不显著水平，在强优势组合（Ｆ１）中不育细胞质的负效应，不足以Ｆ１     

Application of Chitosan to Technology of Clarification for Chinese Traditional Medicine Extraction

As the product of natural macromolecule chitin deacetylating, Chitosan is linear macromolecule carbohydrate and is widely applied to medicine, chemical industry and environmental protection, etc.. The distribution, general properties and clarifying principle of chitosan, and the application of chitosan to the clarification of Chinese traditional medicine extraction are described . Compared with ethanol sedimentation process, the chitosan clarification is a safe, of innocuity, cheap and fine clarifying process. Chitosan clarification process can replace the conventional ethanol sedimentation process as the method of fining Chinese traditional medicine extraction and preparation. The feasibility and the problem are discussed. And the advice for future researching orientation is put forward.     

棉花RAPD分析条件优化探讨

利用不同的引物、引物浓度、复性温度、ｄＮＴＰｓ浓度、Ｔａｑ酶含量等对棉花品种鄂荆１号、ＰｉｍａＳ－３进行ＲＡＰＤ分析。结果表明，高温复性有利于提高扩增带型的特异性。低Ｍｇ２＋浓度易导致小片断扩增，高Ｍｇ３＋浓度易产生非特异带型。ｄＮＴＰｓ浓度增加导致扩增带型的数目减少。双引物扩增带型与卓引物相比可以检测到更多的品种间遗传差异。根据上述分析，棉花ＲＡＰＤ分析反应物组成为：１Ｘ反应ｂｕｆｆｃｒ、１．８ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ－１Ｍｇ２＋、０．１６ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ｄＮＴＰｓ、４０ｎｇＤＮＡ、０．６μｍｏｌ．Ｌ－１随机引物、Ｔａｑ酶１．５单位，加双蒸水至２５μｌ反应体系。