Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Composites

There are many advantages of bended wood,such as good-looking shape,simple process and low cost.The product,however,is easy to get recovery,which is urgent to be dealt with.This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability.Compared to bended solid wood,some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented.The purpose of this paper is to suggest:1)to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation,according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius;2)to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation,dynamic viscoelasticity and crystal1ization field;3)to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions.It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

The importance of an indigenous tree to southern African communities with specific relevance to its domestication and commercialization:a case of the marula tree

Local communities in southern Africa derive many benefits from marula [Sclerocarya birrea(A.Rich.) Hochst.subsp.caffra(Sond.) Kokwaro].These include the contribution of this species towards health,nutrition,food security and conservation by sharing local skills and knowledge related to it.Marula fruits can be eaten fresh,squeezed to make juice,brewed in traditional beer or used to make jam and jelly.The kernels are also edible and can be pressed to extract oil for cooking and cosmetics,i.e.,for skin and hai...     

拟南芥野生型及突变体小孢子发生和发育的比较研究

通过电镜对拟南芥野生型及ｅｐｎ型突变体小孢子发生和发育进一步研究（此突变体的特征是花粉从游离核时期就具有多核、多沟并有分枝的花粉管），值得注意的是突变体在发育至四核花粉母细胞时期，在整个母细胞原生质膜外开始形成小孢子的外壁（与野生型晚期四分体内单倍体小孢子原生质体外形成的外壁相同），此外，在突变体小孢子发生的整个过程中也未见到正常四分体的出现。因此，设想具有两个营养核、两个生殖核的突变体的大花粉直接由非正常的四核花粉母细胞形成，突变体发生缺失的时期在前减数分裂期或减数分裂Ⅱ     

松树针叶束内源激素与单宁的变化

本文分析和比较了油松、白皮松、华山松和樟子松各种针叶束内源激素与单宁含量的变化。结果表明，ＡＢＡ与单宁含量在树种间、树龄间和针叶束叶龄间均存在明显差异，针叶束经低温砂藏处理，其内源激素与单宁水平呈规律性变化，在处理前期，和树种针叶束的ＬＡＡ、ＧＡｓ、Ｚ和ＺＲ水平明显提高，然后随砂藏时间的延长而趋于降低；而ＡＢＡ与单宁水平则呈相反的变化，在砂藏过程中内源激素与单宁的变化规律与前期实验中经砂藏处理的离体针叶束不定根的诱导率紧密相关。结果表明，低温砂藏处理在一定时期可以促使松树针叶束内源激素与单宁水平的协调性变化，这种变化对离体针叶束不定根的诱导具有明显的促进作用     

北京地区油松侧柏混交林树种间营养交互作用的矢量竞争分析(英文)

矢量竞争分析法是一种用于评价存在相同资源竞争的两种植物种之间的生长和营养交互作用的图形分析方法 .它基于矢量分析和线性分析 ,将代表生物量和营养吸收值的参数相对于无种间竞争的对照在一个两维的坐标系内表达为矢量并进行定位比较 .应用该方法对北京西山地区的 4 4年生人工混交林中油松和侧柏树种间生长和营养 (N ,P和K)吸收状况进行了比较和分析 .研究表明虽然混交有利于侧柏生物量的相对增加 ,但伴随有植物体内营养元素的相对亏缺 .相反 ,混交对油松生物量和高、径生长的抑制作用却伴随有营养元素吸收相对过剩 .以上结果表明矢量竞争分析可用于正确地揭示混交林树种之间营养交互作用     

SEASONAL RHYTHM OF ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS——THE CALAMAGROSTIS ANGUSTIFOLIAGRASSLAND IN SANJIANG PLAIN

In this paper,the seasonal rhythms of the above grassland biomass of the two maintypes of the Calamagrostis anguslifolia graaslands,the Calamagrostis angustifolia meadow and theCalamagrostis angustifolia + carex schmiudilii swamp meadow,were reported.The simulation tech-niquc was employed to described the dynamic process.In the end,the absolute growth rate and therelative growth rate of aboveground biomass of the two communities were approached in the lightof the growth analysis method.     

DPC对棉花叶片发育及活性氧代谢的影响

以中棉所１８为材料，研究了大田条件下ＤＰＣ（缩节安）系统化控对棉叶发育和活性氧代谢的影响，结果表明，ＤＰＣ提高了叶片中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白的含量，降低和减轻了膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的积累，提高了超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性，降低了过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性，改善了活性氧代谢。ＤＰＣ具有显著延缓叶片衰老的效应，可能与改变了内源激素系统、改善了活性氧代谢有关。     

氮肥基因型差异对玉米吸氮量的反应

田间试验研究了11个玉米杂交种在不同施氮条件下的吸氮量。结果表明,玉米吸氮量具有明显的基因型差异。在低氮(N2)处理中,子粒、秸秆、地上部吸氮量高低品种相差分别为1.060、0.134、1.125g/kg,在高氮(N4)处理中,分别为0.836、0.154、0.954g/kg。不同基因型玉米的吸氮量差异低氮条件比高氮条件更大。施氮量对玉米吸氮量有显著的影响。玉米子粒、秸秆、地上部吸氮量和相应的产量呈极显著的正相关     

白皮松种子内含物的提取,分离及生物测定

白皮松种子的内、外种皮及胚乳均含有种类及浓度不尽相同的萌发抑制剂,其中以外种皮含量和抑制能力为最高内种皮次之,胚乳最少,抑制萌发的效果具有广谱性,在内、外各皮及胚乳中均有酸性物质存在,可能是ＡＢＡ类物质、外种皮中有高水平的酚类物质存在,可能与透气障碍有关,各中部分存在的萌发抑制白皮松种子休眠的主要原因之一。     

一种适合转基因棉CpTI和cry1A基因剂量测定的标准质粒的构建和应用

在转基因检测领域,标准质粒以容易获得、纯度高、成本低和稳定性好的优点逐渐被广泛应用,适合同时检测多个靶标基因的需求。本研究针对我国抗虫棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)的主要外源基因类型,构建含有豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(CpTI)、苏云金杆菌晶体杀虫蛋白基因(cry1A)和棉花内标准基因硬脂酰-酰基载体蛋白脱饱和酶基因(Sad1)的多靶标质粒pMD-CCS作为标准质粒,建立了CpTI和cry1A基因的实时荧光定量PCR方法。测定了我国9个抗虫棉品种中的CpTI和cry1A基因剂量,显示科棉3号等3个抗虫棉品种中CpTI基因的平均剂量为0.020~0.018拷贝/基因组,cry1A基因的平均剂量为1.377~2.136拷贝/基因组;鄂杂棉1号F₁等6个抗虫棉品种中cry1A基因的平均剂量为0.887~2.564拷贝/基因组,定量结果的标准差(SD)范围在0.001~0.149之间。结果说明,pMD-CCS适合作为标准物质用于抗虫棉中CpTI和cry1A基因的定量测定。