低剂量核辐射在文蛤生产中的应用研究

用60 Co C射线辐照文蛤幼贝, 研究其对文蛤生长及抗病性的影响。A 组预试验结果表明: 低剂量60 Co C射线辐照对促生长有效, 高剂量辐射抑制了文蛤生长。B组正式试验辐照剂量(低剂量) 3. 23 @ 10- 7 ~ 25. 80 @ 10- 7C / kg。低剂量辐射试验结果表明: 46 d后, 试验组平均壳高及平均体重均高于对照组, 分别增加15% ~ 21% 和16% ~ 26%; 276 d后, 试验组的平均壳高较对照组增加17% ~ 23%, 且试验组文蛤的抗病性远优于对照组。61 45@ 10- 7 ~ 19. 35 @ 10- 7 C /kg 低剂量为促进文蛤幼贝生长、提高抗病性的有效剂量范围。     

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation in all‐plant protein diets on growth,antioxidant capacity and muscle energy metabolism of bullfrog Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation in all‐plant protein diets were evaluated on growth, antioxidant capacity and muscle energy metabolism of Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana. Six diets were prepared: a basal fish meal diet (FM), an all soybean meal diet (SM) and four GAA‐supplemented diets by adding 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g GAA/kg to the SM diet (GAA2, GAA4, GAA6 and GAA8 diets). Triplicate groups of bullfrog (45 ± 0.2 g) were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Total substitution of FM with SM led to significantly (p < .05) reduced growth and feed utilization. Adding 0.4 g GAA/kg to the SM diet significantly improved growth performance, and the values were comparable to those of FM group. SM and GAA2 groups showed drastically lower serum total antioxidant capacity than FM, GAA4 and GAA6 groups. Also, SM and GAA2 groups showed significantly lower catalase activity than FM and GAA8 groups. A remarkable increase in serum malondialdehyde concentration was detected in SM and GAA2 groups. FM and GAA6 groups exhibited significantly higher serum creatinine concentration than other groups. Muscle creatine kinase activity and glycogen content were significantly decreased in SM group and application of 0.4–0.6 g GAA/kg significantly improved their values. GAA4 group showed significantly lower pyruvate kinase activity than FM and GAA6 groups. Also, GAA2 and GAA4 groups had significantly lower succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity than other treatments. These findings show that supplementing 0.4 g/kg GAA to SM‐based diets improves growth, antioxidant capacity and muscle energy metabolism.     

热休克诱导马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体的初步研究

为探索马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou)三倍体育种技术方法,更好地解决其个体小、生长慢和性成熟后死亡率高等问题,采用热休克法进行三倍体诱导实验,设4个诱导温度(24、26、28、30℃),2个起始诱导时间(15 min、20 min)和2个持续诱导时间(15 min、20 min)共分13个实验组和1个对照组。结果显示,13个实验组均能诱导出三倍体个体,而不同温度组的诱导率差异显著,分别为13.3%、31.65%、52.28%和78.81%(P<0.0.5)。随着温度的上升,孵化率呈显著降低的趋势。结果表明,温度是影响诱导成功的关键因素,利用热休克诱导受精卵制备陆封型马苏大麻哈鱼三倍体苗种的方法是可行的,三倍体诱导的最佳条件是:水温28℃,卵子受精后15 min持续处理20 min,发眼率(72.57±0.26)%,孵化率(60.92±0.31)%,三倍体率53.1%,综合诱导效果最佳。     

Amplification,Sequence Analysis and Tissue Expression Detection of FUT2 Gene Coding Regions of Dongchuan Pigs

Porcine alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase (FUT2) gene was importance in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series, potentially played a regulatory role during Escherichia coli (E. coli) F18 infection process in weaned piglets. In order to explore sequence structure of porcine FUT2 gene and its biological function, this test amplified FUT2 gene CDS sequence of Dongchuan pigs by PCR, forecasted and analyzed the protein sequences and functional regions of FUT2 gene, its expression level was detected in 11 tissues of 8 Dongchuan weaned piglets in 35 days old at the meantime. The results showed that the CDS sequence of FUT2 gene was 1 023 bp, which encoded 340 amino acids. FUT2 protein was fat-soluble hydrophilic protein, which the structure was not stable, including a transmembrane helix structure, but without signal peptide that suggested the FUT2 protein was a membrane protein;FUT2 protein included 2 N-glycosylation sites (No. 185 and No. 305 amino acids), without O-glycosylation sites, there were 14 potential phosphorylation sites, included 6 Ser, 2 Thr and 6 Tyr, analyzing the functional regions found that the FUT2 protein had a superfamily of conserved domains:FUT1-FUT2-like (58-319 amino acids). The phylogenetic tree result showed that the relative relationship between swine and cattle was relatively close, but was distant from chimpanzee, human, mouse and rat. FUT2 gene was expressed in all 11 tissues of Dongchuan weaned piglets, there were higher expression in digestive tract and immune tissues. The present results suggested that FUT2 gene might play a role to resistance to E. coli F18 in weaned piglets, and might indirectly against E. coli F18 through the synthesis of fucosyltransferase.     

Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project

Automated partial DNA sequencing was conducted on more than 600 randomly selected human brain complementary DNA (cDNA) clones to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs). ESTs have applications in the discovery of new human genes, mapping of the human genome, and identification of coding regions in genomic sequences. Of the sequences generated, 337 represent new genes, including 48 with significant similarity to genes from other organisms, such as a yeast RNA polymerase II subunit; Drosophila kinesin, Notch, and Enhancer of split; and a murine tyrosine kinase receptor. Forty-six ESTs were mapped to chromosomes after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. This fast approach to cDNA characterization will facilitate the tagging of most human genes in a few years at a fraction of the cost of complete genomic sequencing, provide new genetic markers, and serve as a resource in diverse biological research fields.     

Growth and Nutrient Content of Trifoliate Orange Seedlings Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation in Low Magnesium Soil

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus versiforme, G. mosseae, and G. intraradices on growth and nutrition of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings under magnesium (Mg)-nontreated and Mg-treated conditions. Whether treated with Mg or not, G. versiforme inoculation significantly enhanced the growth and concentrations of Mg, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, zinc, and copper in shoots or roots, and activities of acid phosphatase, catalase, invertase, and urease in rhizosphere soils. Additionally, there were higher levels of chlorophyll, proline, soluble sugar and protein in leaves, root viability, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in leaves and roots, but lower malondialdehyde content in leaves and roots of mycorrhizal seedlings than non-mycorrhizal ones. Data demonstrated that G. versiforme-inoculated citrus seedlings exhibited higher levels of soil enzymes, osmoregulation, and antioxidant matters, leading to improvement of growth and nutrition of seedlings in low Mg soil.     

一个马铃薯Y病毒山东分离物的分离与鉴定

 从具有典型花叶症状的马铃薯叶片中分离到马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)(本文称PVY-SD-TA分离物),扩繁后,提纯病毒,电镜下可观察到700~900 nm×11 nm的病毒粒体,病组织超薄切片观察可见风轮状的内含体结构,寄主反应特性研究表明其能侵染2科13种植物。SDS-PAGE电泳检测病毒编码的外壳蛋白亚基的分子量为33 kDa。以PVY-SD-TA基因组RNA为模板,应用RT-PCR方法和特异引物合成了外壳蛋白基因。对cDNA全序列分析表明,PVY-SD-TA CP基因核苷酸序列与N株系的同源性为96%,与GenBank中登录序列号为AJ390306的O株系分离物的同源性最高,为99%;与国内不同学者报道的PVY中国流行株的同源性分别为96%,97%和98%。通过以上生物学特性和分子水平的研究将PVY-SD-TA鉴定为普通株系(PVY^O株系)。     

Numerical simulation and optimum design on airflow distribution chamber of air-impingement jet dryer

为了改善气体射流冲击干燥机气流分配室流场结构,提高喷管速度分布均匀性,以气体运动微分方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型为基础,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对气流分配室内气流流场进行了三维数值模拟,得到了热气流在气流分配室内的流动特征,并对原模型结构进行改进,提出了3类优化方法,同时将最优模型的预测值与试验数据进行了比较。计算结果表明,气流分配室原始结构的速度矢量在气流腔室内部形成2个左右对称的反向涡流区,对应喷管出口速度分布沿高度方向呈先减小后增加的趋势,设计工况下速度偏差比和速度不均匀系数分别达到24.6%和18.1%;减小分配室下端宽度这一常见思路并不能改善气流分配室的速度分布均匀性,而扰流模型则被证明是可行的; 平板扰流模型的效果优于半圆柱扰流模型,其最佳结构参数为平板间距为160 mm且第一块平板较喷管轴线高14 mm,速度偏差比降为7.7%,而速度不均匀系数仅为4.7%,数值模拟结果与试验数据最大偏差不超过8%。该文的研究思路对类似于干燥机气流分配室结构的均匀性设计提供了参考。     

普通小麦溶剂保持力全基因组关联分析

为了发掘更多与小麦溶剂保持力(Solvent retention capacity,SRC)显著相关的位点,以171个小麦品种(系)组成的自然群体为材料,于2017-2018和2018-2019年度分别在扬州、高邮种植,收获后测定5％乳酸SRC、5％碳酸钠SRC、50％蔗糖SRC和水SRC,结合群体90K SNP芯片基...     

3种椰子基因组DNA提取方法的比较

旨在得到一套快速提取椰子DNA的方法。采用CTAB小样法、SDS-CTAB法以及PVP法提取椰子组织的DNA,并通过后续的PCR扩增和酶切等实验比较了3种方法所提取的DNA质量的优劣。将CTAB小样法提取的DNA与SDS-CTAB法和PVP法提取的DNA进行了比较,CTAB小样法提取的DNA的OD260/OD280(1.839)较另外2种方法SDS-CTAB法(1.709)和PVP法(1.613)的值更高,CTAB小样法提取的DNA适合于PCR扩增,扩增的条带清晰,且特异性好。此外,CTAB小样法提取的DNA,酶切也较为均匀。CTAB小样法能高效地提取椰子的DNA,并且能一次提取大量的高质量DNA样品,因而能满足高通量的实验要求,同提取DNA能较好地满足下游的分子生物学研究。