Effects of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on growth performance,serum metabolites,immune responses,antioxidant status,and meat quality of lambs

The present study was to evaluate the effects of dried Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) powder and its water- and fat-soluble extracts (AWE and AFE) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, immune responses, antioxidant status, and meat quality of lambs. A total of 32 male small-tailed Han lambs (5 months old; initial body weight = 34.8 ± 0.40 kg) were used in a 60-d feeding experiment after a 15-d adaptation period. The lambs were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8) and fed a basal diet (control, CON group), the basal diet supplemented with dried AMR powder at 10 g/d per lamb (AMR group), the basal diet supplemented with AWE at 3.4 g/d per lamb (AWE group), or the basal diet supplemented with AFE at 2.8 g/d per lamb (AFE group). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 30, and 60 in the feeding experiment (n = 8). At the end of the experiment, the lambs were sacrificed and the longissimus dorsi muscles collected. Growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary supplementation of AMR, AWE and AFE (P > 0.05). However, significantly lower albumin (P = 0.006), total protein (P = 0.006), globin (P = 0.025), and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.024) concentrations were observed in AFE group relative to CON and AMR groups. Similarly, a significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity (P = 0.018) was observed in AFE group relative to AWE group, but not in other groups (P > 0.05). In addition, significantly increasing trends in glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.06) in AMR, AWE, and AFE groups were observed relative to the control group. Furthermore, significantly lower drip loss (P = 0.011) across the treatment groups and cooking loss (P = 0.048) were observed in the AMR group relative to the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that AMR and its extracts had no significant effect on lamb growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses, but could significantly improve meat quality without the occurrence of pathological kidney and liver lesions.     

牛血液多形核白细胞吞噬功能检测方法的研究

以啤酒糖酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ）为吞噬材料,用吖啶橙染色指示牛血液多形核白细胞的吞噬活性。该方法直观、简便、可靠,一项试验可同时获得吞噬百分率、杀伤百分率、吞噬指数和杀伤指数４项指标,从不同角度反映了机体免疫功能状态。此外,用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了牛血液多形核白细胞吞噬经牛血清调理的啤酒糖酵母的情况。     

不同密度的羊草种群结构及其光照分布的研究

本文报道了耕翻后自然更新的羊草种群不同密度条件下垂直结构及其光照分布特征。结果表明,地上生物量和叶面积指数均以种群中部最大,向上或向下皆逐渐减小。在三种密度中,生物量,叶面积指数,株高,茎高和叶片含水量均随着密度的增大而升高。比叶重和单株绿叶数度增加而降低。     

西杂牛连续埋植“畜大壮”效果观察

本试验对甘肃河西地区西杂１－２岁和周岁以下的犊牛连续用促生长剂“畜大壮”分阶段进行耳根埋植,试验结果表明,４－６月龄犊牛全期１８０天,试验组增重和平均日增重分别为５．５ｋｇ和３０８．３３ｇ,试验组比对照组提高３７．２５ｋｇ和２０６．９４ｇ（Ｐ〈０．０１）,１－２岁牛全期１８０天,试验组平均增重和日增重分别为５６．４３ｋｇ和３１４．４９ｇ,试验缄比对照组分别提高３０．０３ｋｇ和１６６．８２ｇ差异显著     

Adult Amblyomma hebraeum burdens and heartwater endemic stability in cattle.

Several conclusions of importance to studies on the epidemiology of heartwater were drawn from an investigation in which the numbers of adult Amblyomma hebraeum ticks, to which a closed herd of Hereford cattle were exposed over a period of 6 1/2 years, were manipulated. With a tick Cowdria ruminantium infection rate of 3-5%, an endemically stable situation was created by dipping the herd only when an average of 10 adult male and female A. hebraeum ticks were counted on 10 animals. When the average was increased to 15 during the calving period, 97% of calves acquired a tick-mediated immunity at the age of 6 months. Because only adult ticks confined to the hindquarters are counted, this procedure is recommended as a feasible and practical guideline to stock owners wishing to determine a dipping programme that would ensure endemic stability. The indirect fluorescent antibody test gave a true reflection of the infection rate through ticks in calves 3-6 months old, but not in older animals that had been re-infected more than once. This is because on one hand antibody may persist for 2 years after withdrawal from tick exposure and on the other the artificial re-infection of cattle with a tick acquired immunity is not always followed by a rise in antibody titres and may even result in seronegativity. Four cows infected and re-infected through ticks, remained immune to challenge for 2 years after withdrawal from tick exposure. Within the confines of one farm 3 isolates of C. ruminantium that differed in pathogenicity and immunogenicity were recovered from ticks. One of these isolates was almost non-pathogenic to cattle.     

3种生物源杀虫剂对杜仲梦尼夜蛾的毒力及防效

针对专性为害杜仲的食叶害虫杜仲梦尼夜蛾(Orthosia songi Chen et Zhang)幼虫进行室内毒力测定,比较了3种生物源杀虫剂对其3龄和5龄幼虫的杀虫活性,并进行了林间药效测定和防治示范试验。结果显示:甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)对3龄和5龄幼虫的LC50值分别为0.152 5和0.204 7μg/L,苦参碱的LC50值分别为65.306 0和124.735 8μg/L,印楝素的LC50值分别为165.871 7和257.749 0μg/L。林间药效测定结果显示5.7%甲维盐微乳剂300万倍液防治效果最好,7d后校正死亡率达91.34%。防治示范试验表明,5.7%甲维盐微乳剂75 000倍液防治效果达95.69%,显著高于0.3%苦参碱水剂750倍液的防治效果(80.28%),且药剂成本7.5元/hm2,仅为后者的1.9%。