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41.
Andrea C. Varella David K. Weaver Jason P. Cook Nancy K. Blake Megan L. Hofland Peggy F. Lamb Luther E. Talbert 《Euphytica》2017,213(7):153
Plant landraces have long been recognized as potential gene pools for biotic and abiotic stress-related genes. This research used spring wheat landrace accessions to identify new sources of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton), an important insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains of North America. Screening efforts targeted 1409 accessions from six geographical areas of the world where other species of grain sawflies are endemic or where a high frequency of accessions possesses the resistance characteristic of solid stems. Resistance was observed in approximately 14% of accessions. Half of the lines displayed both antixenosis and antibiosis types of resistance. Among the resistant accessions, 41% had solid or semi-solid stems. Molecular genetic screening for haplotypes at the solid stem QTL, Qss.msub.3BL, showed that 15% of lines shared the haplotype derived from ‘S-615’, the original donor of the solid stem trait to North American germplasm. Other haplotypes associated with solid stems were also observed. Haplotype diversity was greater in the center of origin of wheat. Evaluation of a representative set of resistant landrace accessions in replicated field trials at four locations over a three year period identified accessions with potential genes for reduced WSS infestation, increased WSS mortality, and increased indirect defense via parasitoids. Exploitation of distinct types of plant defense will expand the genetic diversity for WSS resistance currently present in elite breeding lines. 相似文献
42.
Luke A. J. Haydock Anthony C. G. Abrams-Ogg J. Scott Weese Michael R. Goldstein Amy B. Clifford Adrian Sebastian Elizabeth H. Rea Frances B. Jamieson Carla Duncan Olga Andrievskaia Mirjana Savic Durda Slavic Robert A. Foster Christopher J. Greenwood Tamara L. MacDonald Jacqueline E. Scott Andrea Sanchez 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2022,34(2):292
A 4-y-old, female mixed-breed dog was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College for further evaluation of multiple pulmonary and hepatic masses, intrathoracic lymphadenitis, and recent development of a pyogranulomatous pleural effusion. Along with other comprehensive tests, a thoracic lymph node biopsy was performed, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection was confirmed by real-time PCR. The dog’s condition declined post-operatively, and euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination confirmed severe granulomatous pneumonia, hepatitis, intrathoracic and intraabdominal lymphadenitis, omentitis, and nephritis. Line-probe assays performed on samples collected postmortem confirmed the species as M. tuberculosis. 24-loci MIRU-VNTR genotyping, spoligotyping, and whole-genome sequencing revealed relations to known human isolates, but no epidemiologic link to these cases was investigated. Given the concern for potential human exposure during this animal’s disease course, a public health investigation was initiated; 45 individuals were tested for M. tuberculosis exposure, and no subsequent human infections related to this animal were identified. Our case highlights the need for more readily available, minimally invasive testing for the diagnosis of canine mycobacteriosis, and highlights the ability of canid species to act as potential contributors to the epidemiology of M. tuberculosis infections. 相似文献
43.
Bj?rn Berger Andreas Brühschwein Lina Eddicks Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2016,57(4):377-381
A unicameral bone cyst in the proximal humerus of a 3-year-old Norwegian forest cat was diagnosed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, surgical exploration, and histopathology. Surgical curettage and incorporation of bone cement led to full recovery. An osteosarcoma developed at the surgical site 17 months later. Thoracic radiographs showed pulmonary lesions consistent with metastasis. 相似文献
44.
David E. Barnekow Stephen M. Brown Sandra L. Byrne Arlene W. Hamburg Mike A. Huskin Andrea M. Leisure 《Pest management science》1995,43(3):211-219
The metabolism of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) was studied in soybean plants grown in soil treated 24 days prior to planting with [U-14C]E- and Z-1,3-dichloropropene at 380 liters ha?1. Isolation and identification of the 14C residue from soybean plants at 84 days (forage) and 176 days (mature) after application showed that no 1,3-dichloropropene or its putative metabolites, 3-chloroallyl alcohol and 3-chloroacrylic acid, could be detected in any of the tissues. The components of the 14C residue included major plant constituents (i.e. fatty acids, protein, pigments, organic acids, sucrose and other carbohydrates, and lignin). 相似文献
45.
Herholz CP Gerber V Tschudi P Straub R Imhof A Busato A 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(3):338-345
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether volumetric capnography indices could be used to differentiate between horses without recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and horses with RAO that were in clinical remission or that had clinically apparent RAO. ANIMALS: 70 adult Swiss Warmblood horses (20 used for pleasure riding and 50 used for dressage or show jumping). PROCEDURE: Horses were allocated to 4 groups on the basis of history, clinical signs, results of endoscopy, and cytologic findings (group 1, 21 healthy horses; group 2, 22 horses with RAO that were in remission; group 3, 16 horses with mild RAO; group 4, 11 horses with exacerbated RAO). Expiratory volume and CO2 curves were recorded by use of a computerized ultrasonic spirometer. Volumetric capnograms were plotted, and derived indices were calculated. RESULTS: Dead-space volume (VD) was calculated by use of the Bohr equation (VD(Bohr)) and for physiologic VD (VD(phys)). Ratios for VD(Bohr) to expiratory tidal volume (VT) and VD(phys) to V(T) as well as an index of effective CO2 elimination were significantly different among groups of horses. Age and use of the horses also significantly affected volumetric capnography indices. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ratios of VD(Bohr) to VT and VD(phys) to VT as well as an index of effective CO2 elimination were sufficiently sensitive measures to distinguish between healthy horses and horses with RAO in remission. To optimize the ability of volumetric capnography indices to differentiate among horses in heterogeneous populations, it is important to account for effects of age and specific use of the horses. 相似文献
46.
Fascetti AJ Reed JR Rogers QR Backus RC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(8):1137-1141
OBJECTIVE: To determine signalment, history, clinical signs, blood and plasma taurine concentrations, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, treatment, and outcome of dogs with low blood or plasma taurine concentrations and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 12 client-owned dogs with low blood or plasma taurine concentrations and DCM. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed, and clinical data were obtained. RESULTS: All 12 dogs were being fed a commercial dry diet containing lamb meal, rice, or both as primary ingredients. Cardiac function and plasma taurine concentration improved with treatment and taurine supplementation. Seven of the 12 dogs that were still alive at the time of the study were receiving no cardiac medications except taurine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that consumption of certain commercial diets may be associated with low blood or plasma taurine concentrations and DCM in dogs. Taurine supplementation may result in prolonged survival times in these dogs, which is not typical for dogs with DCM. Samples should be submitted for measurement of blood and plasma taurine concentrations in dogs with DCM, and taurine supplementation is recommended while results of these analyses are pending. 相似文献
47.
Strasser A May B Teltscher A Wistrela E Niedermüller H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,94(3-4):113-121
A decline in T-cell-mediated immunity and transient state of immunosuppression after immunization has been reported in dogs. Nevertheless, dogs are still routinely vaccinated with polyvalent live vaccines and severe disease does not generally occur. In order to investigate these effects on the canine immune system and to elucidate possible mechanisms we determined the following immune parameters in the blood of 33 clinically sound German shepherd dogs before and after standard vaccination with a polyvalent vaccine against distemper, parvovirus, viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, kennel cough and rabies: white and differential blood cell count, the serum concentrations and/or activities of IL-1, IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, neopterin and IgG, natural killer (NK) cell activity, bactericidal activity and complement hemolytic activity, lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) and nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT).Our major findings were that significant postvaccinal decreases in T-cell mitogenic response to PHA and in neutrophil function and neopterin serum concentration were accompanied by simultaneous increase in plasma IgG and hemolytic complement activity. This suggests a transient shift in the balance between cell-mediated and humoral (T(H)1/T(H)2) immunity rather than immunosuppression.These results do not imply that dogs should not receive live vaccines, as the response to vaccines just seems to create a state of altered homeostasis when immunization elicits protection by humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, these recognized compromises of immune function should be considered and vaccines still be applied only in healthy animals and strictly according to the rules and regulations given by the manufacturer. 相似文献
48.
Gervers M Nolte I Alt F Hauschild G Meyer-Lindenberg A Fehr M 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,115(11-12):412-419
164 total hip prostheses of different manufacturers were implanted over an 8-year period. Clinical records were evaluated with a complication rate of 29.0% (42 of 145 joints) or 31.7% (39 of 123 dogs). The complications encountered in dogs that received the modular hip prosthesis (Biomécanique, Bretigny-sur-orge, France) amounted to 16.3% (15 of 92), dogs that received a fixed head prosthesis (5 different manufactures) had 39% complications (28 of 72). Although the complication rate was influenced by different surgeons (n = 5) with different system predelictions and a different learning curve it was obvious that luxations (n = 6 of 10) and stem fractures (n = 5) more often occurred with the fixed head prosthesis systems. These stem fractures might be due to implant material failure or due to improper cementation followed by fatigue material failure. Femur fracture or infection were encountered with both prosthesis systems. 相似文献
49.
Cognition is recognized as an essential component of the living strategies of organisms and the use of cognitive approaches
based on an organismic-centered-view is discussed as a strategy to aid the advancement of landscape ecology to a more independent
scientific discipline. The incorporation of the theory of information, the theory of meaning and the Umwelt, and the biosemiotic models into the landscape ecology framework is described as the necessary step to create a common paradigmatic
background and operational tools to develop basis for a cognitive landscape ecology. Three cognitive landscapes (neutrality-based
landscape, individual-based landscape and observer-based landscape) have been described as the result of distinctive mechanisms
to extract information from a cognitive matrix based on a growing literature of (bio)semiotic exchange. The eco-field hypothesis
is presented as a new possibility to describe landscape processes according to an organismic-centered-view. The eco-field
is defined as a spatial configuration carrier of a specific meaning perceived when a specific living function is activated.
A species-specific cognitive landscape is composed of all the spatial configurations involved for all the living functions
for a particular organism. Eco-field hypothesis offers a detailed vision of (habitat) environmental requirements and creates
a novel conceptual bridge between niche, habitat, Umwelt and the methodological approaches of spatial ecology. Finally the eco-field hypothesis promises a new testing ground for
experimental investigations in landscape ecology and in related disciplines including environmental psychology, cognitive
ethology, cultural ecology, landscape aesthetics, design and planning. 相似文献
50.
Andrea Maiorano Amedeo Reyneri Dario Sacco Aronne Magni Cesare Ramponi 《Crop Protection》2009,28(3):243-256
Fumonisin contamination of maize grain starts in the field. Forecasting Fusarium infection and fumonisin synthesis could allow operators in the field to control contamination during the growing season and to make the best agronomic decisions for high quality yields while respecting the limits imposed by the European Union.A research project to develop a decision support system for the control of field-phase fumonisin contamination began in Italy in 2003. This paper presents a preliminary version of the engine of the decision support tool: FUMAgrain, a dynamic risk assessment model developed with data from the north of Italy. The structure of FUMAgrain is based on the pathosystem formed by maize, F. verticillioides and Ostrinia nubilalis (European Corn Borer). The elements of the pathosystem are simulated by three sub-models: (i) maize development, (ii) F. verticillioides infection and fumonisin synthesis, (iii) European Corn Borer wounding activity on maize grain. Inputs to the model are (i) planting date, (ii) hourly meteorological data including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rain intensity, (iii) information on the phenological development of the hybrid planted (flowering and dry-down), and (iv) information about the chemical treatment against European Corn Borer. FUMAgrain gives an initial risk alert at the end of flowering based on the meteorological conditions during this phase. A second alert follows maturation when an assessment is made from (i) maize grain moisture, (ii) European Corn Borer damage to the ear, and (iii) fumonisin synthesis risk. Following calibration and validation with data FUMAgrain demonstrated its good capability to simulate fumonisin synthesis in maize grain in Italy (calibration: R2 = 0.70; validation: R2 = 0.71) and its usefulness for determining the optimal harvest date while respecting grain safety levels required by the international market and limiting moisture content, hence drying costs. 相似文献