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71.
意大利冷冻精液质量的官方监控 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1991年1月15日,意大利政府公布了动物生产法,即法律30(legge30),全面介绍了动物生殖细胞生产中心应具备的条件、建立养殖场的要求和动物繁殖的规章制度。1994年1月13日,意大利农业部依据法律30发布了第172号部长令,详细说明了自然交配、人工授精和胚胎移植的规章制度。部长令规定,意大利任何冻精生产中心(简称中心)生产的冻精或从国外引入的冻精,必须至少取出精液生产批次10%的样品,进行官方检测。司拜伦谨尼研究所(简称研究所)是意大利农业部委托的唯一的执行机构,检测的最后结果是:比较研究所… 相似文献
72.
73.
Elena?Zini Franco?Biasioli Flavia?Gasperi Daniela?Mott Eugenio?Aprea Tilmann?D.?M?rk Andrea?Patocchi Cesare?Gessler Matteo?KomjancEmail author 《Euphytica》2005,145(3):269-279
The availability of genetic linkage maps enables the detection and analysis of QTLs contributing to quality traits of the
genotype. Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), a relatively novel spectrometric technique, has been applied
to measure the headspace composition of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted by apple fruit genotypes of the progeny
‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Fruit samples were characterised by their PTR-MS spectra normalised to total area. QTL analysis for
all PTR-MS peaks was carried out and 10 genomic regions associated with the peaks at m/z = 28, 43, 57, 61, 103, 115 and 145 were identified (LOD > 2.5). We show that it is possible to find quantitative trait loci
(QTLs) related to PTR-MS characterisation of the headspace composition of single whole apple fruits indicating the presence
of a link between molecular characterisation and PTR-MS data. We provide tentative information on the metabolites related
to the detected QTLs based on available chemical information. A relation between apple skin colour and peaks related to carbonyl
compounds was established.
The two authors contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
74.
Nine populations of rye (Secale cereale L.; the cultivars ‘Kustro’, ‘Danko’ and ‘Carokurz’. a breeding population PA 14/75 and five Iranian primitive ryes) were tested with three or two pathotypes of powder)’ mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. secalis Marchal) to determine the frequencies of vertical resistances. Similarly, three populations of powder)’ mildew isolated from the above eultivars were tested with two rye pathodemes to estimate the frequencies of vertical virulences. Tests were carried out on leaf segments cultivated in vitro. To explain the pattern of the host-parasite interaction, a model with at least four resistance and virulence genes was required. In the rye populations the genotypes of most plants could be determined unambiguously whereas in the powdery mildew populations no unique classification of one-postule isolates was possible due to the limited number of rye differentials. Both the host and the pathogen populations were polymorphic for resistance and virulence, respectively. In all lye populations except PA 14/75 the resistance frequencies were low. In the mildew populations the virulence frequencies were high and complex races occurred rather frequently. The virulence frequencies were related to the resistance frequencies of the respective host population. Results were compared with mathematical host-parasite models accounting for gene-for-gene interaction and balancing natural selection. Observations agree well with theory. 相似文献
75.
Angioni A Barra A Russo MT Coroneo V Dessi S Cabras P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(10):3073-3078
The composition of the essential oil from ripe and unripe berries and leaves of Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. oxycedrus, Juniperus phoenicea ssp. turbinata and Juniperus communis ssp. communis was analyzed by GC-MS, and microbiological assays were carried out. Samples were collected in different localities (Sardinia, Italy) and hydro distilled. The yields ranged between 2.54% +/- 0.21 (v\w dried weight) and 0.04% +/- 0.00. A total of 36 components were identified. The major compounds in the essential oils were alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3-carene, sabinene, myrcene, beta-phellandrene, limonene, and D-germacrene. Both qualitative and quantitative differences between species and between different parts of the plant were observed. The essential oils and their major compounds were tested against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined. The results obtained led to a nonsignificant inhibitory effect, although all the essential oils from Juniperus phoenicea ssp. turbinata and the essential oil from leaves of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus exhibited rather good or weak activity against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. 相似文献
76.
Cocchi M Franchini G Manzini D Manfredini M Marchetti A Ulrici A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(13):4047-4056
A comparison of different digestion procedures has been carried out for the analysis of metal concentration in samples of vinegars and Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale of Modena (ABTM) coming from an unique barrel set. In particular, classical wet, dry ashing, and closed vessel microwave digestion procedure have been utilized and compared for each investigated species. In a few cases, direct metal determination on ABTM (without treatment procedure) is proposed as possible alternative to sample manipulation. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the quantification of iron and zinc, while graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used for all the other elements (i.e., chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead). The comparison among the different sample treatments was carried out by the use of statistical and chemometric tools. In particular, principal component analysis and ANOVA approaches were used to discriminate between the diverse analytical methods. Furthermore, for all the dissolving techniques, the analytical metal recovery was always evaluated by the application of the recovery function on the same sample matrix. In general, the recoveries were fairly good, ranging from 90 to 103%, except for Cd and Pb with dry ashing, which showed recovery values close to 55% and 67%, respectively. As regards the metals concentration of the investigated samples, the experimental data reveal for some species the presence of concentration slightly over the legal limit fixed for wine and wine vinegar. 相似文献
77.
Tancredi Caruso Francesca Borghini Andrea Colacevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(11):2949-2956
Soil fauna in the extreme conditions of Antarctica consists of a few microinvertebrate species patchily distributed at different spatial scales. Populations of the prostigmatic mite Stereotydeus belli and the collembolan Gressittacantha terranova from northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) were used as models to study the effect of soil properties on microarthropod distributions. In agreement with the general assumption that the development and distribution of life in these ecosystems is mainly controlled by abiotic factors, we found that the probability of occurrence of S. belli depends on soil moisture and texture and on the sampling period (which affects the general availability of water); surprisingly, none of the analysed variables were significantly related to the G. terranova distribution. Based on our results and literature data, we propose a theoretical model that introduces biotic interactions among the major factors driving the local distribution of collembolans in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. 相似文献
78.
79.
Soil food webs are mainly based on three primary carbon (C) sources: root exudates, litter, and recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM). These C sources vary in their availability and accessibility to soil organisms, which could lead to different pathways in soil food webs. The presence of three C isotopes (12C, 13C and 14C) offers an unique opportunity to investigate all three C sources simultaneously. In a microcosm experiment we studied the effect of food web complexity on the utilization of the three carbon sources. We choose an incomplete three factorial design with (i) living plants, (ii) litter and (iii) food web complexity. The most complex food web consisted of autochthonous microorganisms, nematodes, collembola, predatory mites, endogeic and anecic earthworms. We traced C from all three sources in soil, in CO2 efflux and in individual organism groups by using maize grown on soil developed under C3 vegetation and application of 14C labelled ryegrass shoots as a litter layer. The presence of living plants had a much greater effect on C pathways than food web complexity. Litter decomposition, measured as 14CO2 efflux, was decreased in the presence of living plants from 71% to 33%. However, living plants increased the incorporation of litter C into microbial biomass and arrested carbon in the litter layer and in the upper soil layer. The only significant effect of food web complexity was on the litter C distribution in the soil layers. In treatments with fungivorous microarthropods (Collembola) the incorporation of litter carbon into mineral soil was reduced. Root exudates as C source were passed through rhizosphere microorganisms to the predator level (at least to the third trophic level). We conclude that living plants strongly affected C flows, directly by being a source of additional C, and indirectly by modifying the existing C flows within the food web including CO2 efflux from the soil and litter decomposition. 相似文献
80.