Sulfadiazine pharmacokinetics in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) receiving oral and intravenous administrations

This study aimed to examine the bioavailability (BA) and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) after oral and intravenous administrations. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points of 0.083, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr (n = 6). The samples were extracted and purified by organic reagents and determined by the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. The software named 3P97 was used to calculate relevant PK parameters. The results demonstrated that the concentration–time profile of SDZ was best described by a one‐compartmental open model with first‐order absorption after a single oral dose. The main PK parameters of the absorption rate constant (K_α), the absorption half‐life (t_{1/2 Kα}), the elimination rate constant (K_e), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2Ke), and the area under concentration–time profile (AUC_0‐∞) were 0.3 1/h, 2.29 hr, 0.039 1/h, 17.64 hr, and 855.78 mg.h/L, respectively. Following intravenous administration, the concentration–time curve fitted to a two‐compartmental open model without absorption. The primary PK parameters of the distribution rate constant (α), the elimination rate constant (β), the distribution half‐life (t_1/2α), the elimination half‐life (t_1/2β), the apparent distribution volume (V_SS), the total clearance (CL), and AUC_0‐∞ were 9.62 1/hr, 0.039 1/hr, 0.072 hr, 17.71 hr, 0.33 L/kg, 0.013 L h^?1 kg^?1, and 386.23 mg.h/L, respectively. Finally, the BA was calculated to be 22.16%. Overall, this study will provide some fundamental information on PK properties in the development of a new formulation SDZ in the future and is partially beneficial for the appropriate usage of SDZ in aquaculture.     

抗马立克氏病新品系选育第四代雏鸡MDV攻毒试验结果

F4雏鸡MDV攻毒试验结果显示,亲本父母代鸡均携带No614血型基因的选育试验组,60日龄死亡率显著低于不经血型基因选育的对照组(P＜0.05);其内脏器官组织肿瘤病变率也低于该对照组,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);选育试验组鸡的肝脏的肿瘤病变率仍显著低于血型基因选育对照组和非选育对照组鸡(P＜0.05).提示No614血型基因具有一定程度的马立克氏病(MD)抗性.     

用Nested-PCR检测广西黄皮与九里香黄龙病病原

摘要：运用nested-PCR技术对广西黄皮和九里香进行柑桔黄龙病（Citrus Huanglongbing, HLB）检测,结果表明：从部分黄皮和九里香样品抽提的DNA中,可扩增出一条特异性的400 bp条带,说明广西种植的黄皮和九里香均可感染黄龙病;在柑桔黄龙病疫区,黄皮和九里香黄龙病感染率分别为35.0%和40.0%。     

基于机器视觉的嫁接用苗外观特征自动检测

提出了基于数学模型的幼苗外观特征自动检测方法,检测项目包括生长状态、子叶参数和胚轴参数。首先经过图像预处理提取幼苗二值图,利用行像素统计图确定特征参数基准点位置。然后以标定胚轴最小矩形倾斜度和宽度判定弯曲状态;子叶跨度通过两子叶端点距离确定,子叶展开角通过两子叶底端平展位置拟合线夹角判定;胚轴弯曲度通过胚轴中心线上曲率最大的位置为分界点分别判断两段斜度而求得,胚轴长、轴径结合斜度补偿求得。与手工测量数据对比,轴长、轴径和子叶跨度的相关系数分别为0.935 1、0.899 9和0.903 4,相对误差分别小于7%、5%和7%,绝对误差分别小于4 mm、0.2 mm和6 mm。     

喷雾技术参数对雾滴飘移特性的影响

为了研究不同技术参数对雾滴漂移特性的影响,在可控风洞环境条件下测试了不同型号喷头在不同喷雾技术参数下的抗飘失能力,结果表明:喷头型号变小、喷雾压力和风速增大都增加了飘失对于喷雾高度变化的敏感程度,Lu喷头的敏感程度大于ID喷头;改变喷雾方向角对雾滴飘失的影响相对于风速、喷头型号并不显著.     

Co60-γ辐射对五叶地锦种子发芽和M1性状的影响

用γ射线辐射五叶地锦已解除休眠的湿种子,对辐射后的种子发芽、幼苗早期发育、M1植株生长、形态变异等进行了观测。结果表明,五叶地锦种子发芽和幼苗早期发育受到中等程度抑制的辐射剂量是40～50Gy,M1植株生长受到中等抑制的剂量是40Gy左右。推荐对种子进行γ射线辐射的剂量为30～40Gy。M1植株的形态变异不大,通过γ辐射诱发五叶地锦形态变异的频率较低。     

喷施新型腐植酸对谷子籽粒产量和品质的影响

为探究灌浆初期喷施新型腐植酸对谷子产量和品质的影响,以清水喷施为对照（NC）,设置腐植酸低（0.75 L/hm², 600×,LC）,中 （3.75 L/hm², 120× ,MC）,高（7.50 L/hm², 60× ,HC）3个浓度梯度,在谷子灌浆初期喷施于叶面,测定产量、穗部性状以及籽粒蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、直链淀粉、黄色素、总黄酮、多酚等多个指标,分析谷子产量及营养品质的变化。结果表明：1） 灌浆初期叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以通过增加千粒重来增加产量,各处理的谷子产量增加幅度由高到低为HC>MC>LC>NC,MC和 HC处理分别比NC增产18.5%和19.4%,谷子增产的最适新型腐植酸浓度介于60~120 ×。2） 灌浆期喷施新型腐植酸可改善谷子籽粒品质,显著提高蛋白质、氨基酸、黄色素、多酚含量（P<0.05）。3）通过主成分分析对不同处理的多个品质指标进行综合分析,总得分由高到低为MC>LC>HC>NC,中浓度（3.75 L/hm², 120×,MC）处理对品质提升效果最好。综上,叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以提升谷子产量,改善籽粒品质,中浓度处理综合表现最好。     

半干旱地区春小麦有限补灌节水增产技术研究

利用汇集雨水对春小麦进行补灌方式、补灌时期及补灌量的试验表明,不论贫水年和丰水年,有限滴灌均能明显使作物节水增产。膜下滴灌方式的保墒节水效应和提高水分利用效率作用明显;春小麦的拔节一孕穗期是实施补灌的关键时期;春小麦全生育期滴灌补灌定额900m^3/hm^2,重点应加强促苗水、拔节水、孕穗水和灌浆水。     

Inhibition of lipid oxidation in pork bundles processing by superheated steam frying

The effect of superheated steam treatment on the oxidative stability of lipids in packaged Zousoon (pork bundles) was investigated. The aroma quality of Zousoon samples was evaluated by sensory analysis and chromatographic analysis of volatiles. Results of this study indicated that oxidation of lipids occurred in pan-fried Zousoon after prolonged storage. Significant amounts of highly volatile compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and hexanal in Zousoon were identified by a modified method of cysteamine derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Superheated steam was found to be effective in suppressing lipid oxidation in canned Zousoon as compared with Zousoon fried by the conventional method in a frying pan. The superheated steam-fried samples had relatively low thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and peroxide (POV) values before and after storage, whereas samples prepared by pan frying had relatively high TBARS and POV values before and after storage. Superheated steam-fried Zousoon had superior lipid stability to that prepared by the conventional pan-frying method.     

缸套变形对柴油机颗粒物排放影响的试验与模拟

柴油机缸套的不均匀变形引起机油窜入燃烧室参与燃烧是造成颗粒物排放恶化的重要因素之一.以493型柴油机为研究对象,利用模拟与试验相结合的方法,通过优化冷却水腔结构,均匀冷却介质流场及温度场分布.达到减小缸套变形、降低颗粒物排放的目的,并通过排放试验验证了减小缸套变形对降低颗粒物排放的有效性.试验结果证明,该方法能够在采用其他方法机内降低颗粒物排放出现瓶颈时进一步降低颗粒物.