有机肥对水稻根际土壤中微生物和酶活性的影响

利用根际箱在红壤上研究了有机肥对水稻根际有效磷、根际微生物和土壤酶活性的影响。试验结果表明,有机肥明显地提高水稻根际和非根际土壤真菌、放线菌和细菌的数量及土壤有效磷的含量。根际土壤各类微生物的数量大于非根际土壤,表现出明显的根际效应。施用有机肥使根际效应增加,其效应为细菌 放线菌 真菌。有机肥还明显地促进水稻根际无机磷溶解菌和有机磷分解数量以及磷酸酶和脲酶的活性,同时对水稻根际土壤磷转化速率有明显的提高,从而加速了土壤养分的转化。     

土壤阻力连续测试系统农田试验研究

土壤阻力连续测试系统可连续获取农田压实的土壤阻力信息。为研究土壤阻力连续测试系统测试土壤阻力指数(TRI)的适用性,安排了小区对比、大田对比和工作速度影响3个试验,进行了土壤阻力指数TRI值与土壤圆锥指数CI值对比分析。试验结果表明:在表征农田土壤压实程度上,TRI值与CI值具有一致性,即利用土壤阻力连续测量系统测取的TRI数据可以反应农田土壤的压实程度;土壤阻力连续测量系统采样连续、数据信息量大和采样效率高,适合于大面积农田土壤信息快速采集,有利于变耕深耕作技术的开展;在保证系统高效、安全和测试数据稳定的前提下,试验结果显示测试系统较理想的工作速度是1.0m/s。     

不同含量的日粮磷对火鸡雏骨骼矿质化的影响

前言关于火鸡的磷需要已作过大量研究。在大部分研究中,磷需要量都是根据3周龄或其后的增重、饲料转化率和骨灰分数据制定的。NRC推荐的0～4周龄雏火鸡磷需要量为0.60％有效磷。本研究测定使1和3周龄雏火鸡达到最大程度的骨骼矿质化所必需的磷量。     

山梨酸盐作鱼肉和鱼制品保存剂的效果

山梨酸盐(sorbates)最初是用于抑制食物中的酵母菌和霉菌,用于抑制细菌的不多。Tompkin等1974年报道了山梨酸盐有抑制熏肠(uncured sausage)中病原菌的作用。这一发现引起了对山梨酸盐抑制肉品中肉毒梭菌和降低肉品中硝酸盐浓度作用的研究。 鱼肉的腐败主要是由微生物引起的,许多研究者已证实,山梨酸盐有延长鱼肉和鱼产品保存期的效果。 本文综述山梨酸盐单独使用或与其他制     

棉花黄萎病生防细菌NCD-2抑菌物质提取初步研究

利用拮抗细菌和拮抗真菌防治植物病害是降低土传病害损失最有潜力的措施已被世人公认。拮抗细菌NCD 2分离自棉花根围 ,抑菌作用测定证明对 1 6种植物病原真菌有抑制作用 ,并且对棉花黄萎病具有较高的田间防效 ,经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillussubtilis)。室内测定证明NCD 2是通     

Impact of soil fumigation practices on soil nematodes and microbial biomass

This study was designed to understand the impact of methyl bromide (MB) (CHaBr) and its alternatives on both free-living and root-knot nematodes in the soil. A randomized complete block experiment with six treatments and 4 replicates (each replicate in a separate greenhouse) was established in Qingzhou, Shandong Province, China. In addition to MB and untreated control (CK) treatments there were four alternative soil fumigation practices including MB virtually impermeable films (VIF), metam sodium (MS), MS VIF and soil solarization combined with selected biological control agents (SS BCA). Two tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) cultivars, cv. Maofen-802 from the Xian Institute of Vegetable Science, China, and cv. AF179 Brillante from the Israeli Hazera Quality Seeds, were selected as test crops. The results indicated that Rhabditidae was the most dominant population with percentage abundance as high as 85% of the total number of identified free-living nematodes, followed by that of Cephalobidae. Methyl bromide and its alternatives except for the non-chemical SS BCA treatment controlled the target pest, root-knot nematodes. Also, the impact of the three chemical alternatives on free-living nematode number and functional group abundance was similar to the impact associated with a typical methyl bromide application. Chemical fumigation practices, especially that with MB, significantly reduced the number of nematodes in the soil and simultaneously significantly reduced the number of nematode genera thereby reducing nematode diversity. All the four soil chemical fumigation activities decreased soil microbial biomass and had an obvious initial impact on microorganism biomass. Furthermore, both plant-parasitic and fungivore nematodes were positively correlated with soil microbial biomass.