饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维(NFC/NDF)对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响.选用(47.21±1.01)kg安装有瘤胃瘘管的杜泊羊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)杂交1代肉用公羊12只,采用12×4不完全拉丁方设计,试验分4期进行,每期16 d,分别饲喂NFC/NDF为0.25、0.34、0.36、0.52、0.60、0.80、0.87、1.13、1.30、1.58、2.17和2.49的12种饲粮.结果表明:随着NFC/NDF的增加,试验羊瘤胃pH极显著线性降低(P＜0.01),氨态氮浓度极显著线性增加(P＜0.01),瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸及丁酸比例呈显著三次曲线变化(P＜0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸中的丙酸、戊酸和异戊酸比例极显著线性增加(P＜0.01),乙酸比例和乙酸/丙酸极显著线性降低(P＜0.01).由此可见,饲粮NFC/NDF对瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸具有显著影响.     

伪狂犬病毒在潜伏感染猪体内的组织分布

潜伏感染是猪伪狂犬病防治和净化工作中的重要障碍之一。本研究用伪狂犬病毒（PRV）gG-/LacZ＋标记毒株感染经过PRV灭活疫苗免疫的PRV阴性仔猪,建立了猪伪狂犬病毒潜伏感染动物模型,再用地塞米松激活PRV在猪体内的潜伏感染。运用免疫组织化学SABC染色法研究了PRV在潜伏感染猪和潜伏感染激活猪体内部分组织的分布情况。结果显示,阳性细胞主要分布在神经系统的大脑、小脑、脑干、三叉神经和视神经以及非神经系统的扁桃体、肺和肾等部位。阳性细胞数量随着攻毒后时间的发展呈现减少的趋势,而注射地塞米松后,阳性细胞数量在上述组织中显著增加。     

Computer image analysis of intramuscular adipocytes and marbling in the longissimus muscle of cattle

The deposition of fat in muscle, recognized by the consumer as marbling, is an important meat quality trait. The objective of the study was to provide additional insights into the quantitative extent of marbling by means of computer image analysis. Fifty-one F(2) generation German Holstein and Charolais crossbreed cattle, 18 mo of age, were used to determine relationships among marbling traits, adipocyte size, and the amount of adipose tissue in different depots. Differences were recorded among the size of i.m. adipocytes in different groups of marbling flecks, divided according to the location in the muscle cross-section and to the size of the marbling flecks. The results showed positive correlation between i.m. adipocyte size and the weight of s.c. fat, intestinal fat, omental fat, and perirenal fat (r = 0.50, 0.61, 0.70, and 0.63, respectively, P < 0.001). The i.m. adipocyte size was correlated with i.m. fat content, number of marbling flecks, proportion of marbling fleck area, and total length of marbling flecks (r = 0.71, 0.44, 0.62, and 0.55, respectively, P < 0.01). The number of marbling flecks was also correlated with i.m. fat content, proportion of marbling fleck area, and total length of marbling flecks (r = 0.58, 0.62, and 0.91, P < 0.01, respectively). The ventral marbling flecks had a 5-fold larger fleck area, 4-fold more adipocytes, and larger adipocytes (P < 0.001). Larger marbling flecks contained larger adipocytes (P < 0.001). Moreover, compared with the small marbling flecks, there was a 48-fold larger fleck area and 26-fold more adipocytes in the large marbling flecks. The results indicate that i.m. fat deposition increases concurrently with the other fat depots but is still independent. Furthermore, the i.m. fat is preferentially deposited in the ventral area of LM. Although the i.m. adipocyte size has an important effect on the traits of marbling flecks, cell number plays a greater role in i.m. fat deposition than cell size.     

微孢子虫SCM_6(Nosema.sp)对蚕生殖腺侵染的组织学观察

本试验以N.bomycis作对照,对SCM_6感染蚕的生殖腺(?、?)采用临时装片和石蜡切片对生殖腺内容物进行了详细观察.结果表明:SCM_6可侵染蚕的生殖细胞.但侵染生殖细胞的频度较低.     

不同生长阶段群体数量特征对产草量作用的分析

在相同的光，温，水，肥条件下，同时对营养生长期的高羊茅和生殖生长期的多年生黑麦草人工草地产草量和群体数量特征的定量关系进行研究。在营养生长期，参数的变异程度小于生殖生长期。营养生长期各因子对产草量直接作用的程度排序这：叶面积指数〉草丛高度〉分蘖密度，生殖生长期为；草丛高度〉叶面积指数〉分蘖密度。     

云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞生物学特性分析

为研究云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞（hair follicle stem cells,HFSCs）的生物学特性,采用组织块法分离培养云南半细毛羊HFSCs,并对其细胞形态、生长动力学、冷冻与复苏、染色体核型等生物学特性进行分析.结果表明：HFSCs为贴壁生长,体积小,核质比高,呈典型的铺路石状,在显微镜下折光性强、胞体透亮.细胞生长曲线为“S”型.冻存前细胞活率98.2％,复苏后细胞活率96.4％.染色体中正常二倍体数目2n=54,其中,长染色体中有3对为中着丝点染色体,23对为端着丝点染色体,X染色体为最大的近端着丝点染色体,Y染色体为最小的亚中着丝点染色体.所得细胞呈现典型的HFSCs特征,细胞活性好,细胞系为稳定的二倍体细胞系.     

利用CTC染色进行猪精子不同体外获能方法的比较

为了探讨不同方法对猪精子体外获能的影响,本试验以猪的新鲜精液为研究对象,分别经肝素上游法、钙离子载体诱导法和咖啡因诱导法进行精子不同获能时间的处理,并利用金霉素荧光染色法（chlortetracycline,CTC）对其获能效果进行检验。结果表明,采用肝素上游法孵育40 min处理后,精子的获能比例显著高于其他各处理组（P<0.05）,说明肝素上游法可以较好地诱发猪精子在体外获能。     

延边黄牛骨骼肌特异性钙蛋白酶基因多态性及其与肉质性状关系的研究

Calpain3(CAPN3)在肌肉组织中特异表达,其多态位点与畜禽诸多生产性状相关。本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法,设计2对基因特异性引物CAPN3-1、CAPN3-3,对96头延边黄牛CAPN3基因进行了SNPs检测,并将其与部分肉质性状进行了方差分析。试验结果显示,分别在CAPN3基因54982bp处发现A→G突变,56094bp处发现G→A突变。方差分析结果表明,2个位点中各个基因型与肉质嫩度、蒸煮损失均无显著相关性,CAPN3-3片段BB基因型仅在第3天时的pH显著高于AA纯合型个体(P0.05)。2个位点与肉质色度方差分析结果显示,2个位点中各个基因型黄色度呈显著相关(P0.05),与肉色中其他色度无相关性。CAPN3-1位点处,BB基因型较AA、AB基因型具有更高的黄色度值,此规律并不随时间的延续而改变,而在CAPN3-3位点处则无此规律。     

自动进排料密闭式固态发酵罐的设计

为解决当前固态发酵劳动强度大,生产效率低的问题,设计内置纵向排列带扇形缺口的浅盘组和升降旋转控制刮板的中心轴来实现自动进排料和翻料的固态发酵罐,可实现自动化生产,原位灭菌,提高生产效率。     

In vivo characterization of inflammatory biomarkers in swine and the impact of flunixin meglumine administration

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are a family of chemicals that function to reduce pain, fever, and inflammation, and they are commonly used in people and animals for this purpose. Currently there are no NSAIDs approved for the management of inflammation in swine due to a lack of validated animal models and suitable biomarkers to assess efficacy. A previous in vitro study examining biomarkers of inflammation identified fourteen genes that were significantly altered in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. In the present study, five of those fourteen genes were tested in vivo to determine if the same effects observed in vitro were also observed in vivo. Plasma levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), an essential mediator of fever and inflammation, were also determined. Two groups of swine were stimulated with LPS with the second group also treated with flunixin meglumine. Blood was collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, 8, 24, and 48h post LPS-stimulation. The RNA was extracted from the blood and quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to determine the expression patterns of CD1, CD4, serum amyloid A2 (SAA2), Caspase 1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). The LPS-stimulated animals demonstrated a statistically significant alteration in expression of SAA2 and CD1 at 3h post-stimulation. Flunixin meglumine treated animals' demonstrated reduced expression of CD1 in comparison to the LPS-stimulated swine at 24 and 48h post LPS-stimulation. Flunixin meglumine treated animals exhibited reduced expression of SAA2 at 48h post-stimulation compared to LPS-stimulated swine. Swine treated with LPS demonstrated statistically significant increases in plasma PGE(2) at 1h post-stimulation. Swine treated with flunixin meglumine had no increase in plasma PGE(2) levels at any time. These results demonstrate that PGE(2) production, along with two out of five genes (SAA2 and CD1) have the potential to serve as early biomarkers of inflammation as well as indicators of NSAID efficacy.