温湿度和光照强度对青斑蝶卵·幼虫及蛹存活率和发育历期的影响

[目的]探讨温度、湿度及光照强度对青斑蝶卵、幼虫和蛹存活率及历期的影响.[方法]采用"人工气候箱+温湿度、光照自动记录仪+视频监控实时测定"的方法,探究不同培养条件下卵、幼虫和蛹的历期变化,设置不同梯度的温度(20～30℃)、相对湿度(50％～60％)、光照强度(500～1000 lx)条件对不同虫态历期进行观测与记录.[结果]卵和幼虫最适宜的发育条件为温度25℃,相对湿度60％,光照强度1000 lx,平均发育历期分别为4.08和13.03 d.温度30℃、相对湿度50％、光照强度1000 lx的培养条件最适宜蛹的发育和羽化.在所控制的3种环境因子中温度对蛹历期的影响极显著(P<0.01),光照强度和湿度对蛹历期的影响不显著(P>0.05),但湿度和光照强度对蛹的羽化率有重要影响.[结论]温度是影响青斑蝶卵和蛹历期的重要环境因子.控制合适的温湿度和光照强度,有利于青斑蝶各虫态历期的缩减和提高成活率.该研究结果可为青斑蝶的人工养殖提供有价值的参考.     

牡蛎及其酶解产物抗皮肤光老化的初步研究

文章探讨了香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)肉粉(Oyster meat,OM)及其酶解产物(Oyster hydrolysis,OH)对紫外线诱导的小鼠(Mus musculus)皮肤光老化的保护作用。紫外线(UVA+UVB)每天照射构建小鼠皮肤光老化模型并灌胃OM和OH,分为低、中、高三组(30、90、180 mg·kg^?1)给药,持续8周。结果表明,OM和OH可减轻小鼠皮肤皱纹,提高皮肤弹性,减少皮下血管的萎缩,防止血管通透性增加;皮肤HE染色结果表明,中高剂量的OM和OH可显著减缓表皮层过度角化增厚(P<0.05);Masson染色和醛品红染色结果表明,OM和OH可减少胶原纤维的卷曲和降解,避免弹性纤维的异常增生,恢复真皮细胞外基质网络的排列;与模型组相比,OM和OH可使皮肤中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶(GSH-Px)的活力显著提高,同时使丙二醛(MDA)和8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHDG)的浓度降低(P<0.05);OM和OH可抑制基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-3、MMP-9)的表达,显著降低真皮中羟脯胺酸(Hyp)的降解;此外,高剂量的OH可显著降低皮肤中炎症因子细胞白介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的表达,并通过提高转化生长因子(TGF-β)来提高皮肤抗炎能力。     

Diversity among Turkish maize landraces based on protein band analyses and kernel biochemical properties

Maize (Zea mays L.) landraces are considered to be important genetic resources for improving maize. To use these sources effectively, the extent of genetic diversity among them needs to be determined. While maize landraces from different countries have been evaluated, there is only limited information available on Turkish maize landraces. Thus, our objective was to investigate the genetic relations among 35 different landraces, along with inbred lines B73 and Mo17, using the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We also measured seven kernel-quality traits, viz., protein content, oil content, zein content, lysine content, tryptophan content, and amylose/amylopectin content. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the Turkish maize landraces relative to protein-band variation. Results of protein-band analyses showed there was significant diversity among maize landraces. There was also considerable variation for the kernel-quality traits of the landraces. Kernel oil varied from 2.83% to 6.27%, protein from 6.67% to 11.34%, zein from 1.87% to 8.88%, tryptophan from 0.017% to 0.053%, lysine from 0.14% to 0.81%, amylose from 5.9% 37.6%, and amylopectin from 62.4% to 94.1% among the landraces. A total of 25 protein subunits, with molecular weight ranging from 10 to 110 kDa, were determined, and all of them, except for three bands, were polymorphic. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of the subunits ranged between 0.00 and 0.50. Maize landraces were classified into two main clusters; the first cluster included 18 landraces and inbred lines B73 and Mo17, whereas the second cluster comprised 17 maize landraces. Overall, results revealed that Turkish maize landraces having similar geographical origins were classified in the same clusters and exhibited a high level of diversity relative to protein subunits.     

施钾水平对纽荷尔脐橙养分、产量和品质的影响

【目的】通过不同施钾水平对纽荷尔脐橙树体养分吸收、产量和品质的影响研究,提出纽荷尔脐橙适宜施钾量,为纽荷尔脐橙钾肥的科学合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】以7年生枳(壳)砧纽荷尔脐橙为试材,设置0(K0)、0.38(K1)、0.64(K2)、0.89(K3)、1.28(K4)和1.40 kg/株K2O(K5)6个施钾水平,研究施钾水平对树体枝梢干物质积累量、枝叶和果实养分吸收、果实产量和品质、土壤理化性质与环境的影响。【结果】不同施钾水平处理后,各时期叶片和枝条干物质量变化趋势相似,均表现为随着施钾量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。不同时期的枝叶干物质量均表现为春梢大于秋梢,叶片干物质量大于枝条。春梢的氮、磷、钾吸收量均随施钾量的增加呈显著增加趋势,其中以K2处理的吸收量最大。秋梢的氮、磷、钾吸收量变化趋势与春梢相似,但K5处理的氮、磷、钾吸收量低于K0。各处理间的果实氮、磷、钾含量差异均不显著;果实氮带走量以K3处理为最高,磷、钾养分带走量以K2处理为最高,果实带走的养分量大小顺序为氮≈钾>磷。果实产量和单果重均随着施钾量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,但差异不显著,K2处理产量最高,且较...     

Photosynthetic properties of the mid-vein and leaf lamina of field-grown,high-yield hybrid rice during senescence

Previous studies with rice(Oryza sativa L.) have shown that the different components of the photosynthetic apparatus are not uniformly synthesized or degraded during senescence. However, while most of those studies have focused on the leaf lamina, few have addressed senescence-associated chloroplast function or leaf physiology. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic properties of the mid-vein and leaf lamina in a high-yield hybrid rice cultivar(Liangyoupei 9, LYP9) during the senescence stage....     

面向移动终端的农业害虫图像智能识别系统的研究与开发

【目的】农作物田间害虫种类繁多,存在种间相似和种内差异的现象,容易混淆。本研究开发一个面向移动终端的农业害虫图像智能识别系统,为广大农户和基层测报人员提供一个便捷准确的农业害虫智能识别工具。【方法】农业害虫图像智能识别系统包括装有系统APP的移动客户端、服务器和基于深度学习的农业害虫识别模型。APP是在Android环境下开发的,可安装于Android系统的移动设备中。APP包括登录模块、害虫信息查询模块、害虫智能识别模块、害虫地图标记模块和害虫专家远程鉴定模块,UI界面采用底部导航栏形式。移动终端与服务器间的信息交互采用HTTP协议,害虫采集地信息显示使用百度的Android地图SDK来实现,用户和害虫信息使用MySQL数据库进行保存。在相同训练集和测试集条件下,比较了不同深度卷积神经网络模型,筛选出基于DenseNet121的农业害虫识别模型具有最高的精准度和最低的虚警率。农业害虫识别模型的程序部署在阿里云远程服务器上,当服务器端接收到移动客户端上传的害虫图像时,运行害虫识别模型,识别结果通过服务器反馈给客户端,同时将上传的图像和识别结果保存在数据库中,便于害虫图像的追溯。【结果】...     

Real-Time Estimation of Citrus Canopy Volume Based on Laser Scanner and Irregular Triangular Prism Module Method

【Objective】Accurate measurement of volume and structure of fruit tree canopy can provide important reference for variable application of pesticide and fertilizer, as well as yield estimation. In order to accurately measure the canopy volume, a scanning platform based on laser sensor (LMS111-10100, SICK) was built. Aiming at the problem of irregular canopy shape, the poor accuracy of the existing real-time measurement methods of canopy volume and difficult to measure and estimate the canopy volume, a new estimation method based on irregular triangular prism modules was proposed in this work. 【Method】Five spherical landscape trees with regular canopy and ten citrus trees with irregular canopy were scanned by the laser sensor at the speeds of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m·s ^-1, respectively. The canopy volume was measured by two methods: cuboid module method (CMM) and irregular triangular prism module method (ITPMM), and the error analysis was conducted based on manual measurement. 【Result】 The results showed that the error ranges of CMM for measuring landscape trees at the different speeds of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m·s ^-1were 4.17%-6.59%, 4.56%-7.42% and 4.17%-9.86%, respectively, while the error ranges of the ITPMM for measuring landscape trees were 2.37%-4.63%, 3.18%-5.00% and 4.10%-5.73%, respectively. The distance range of the relative error of the two methods for measuring citrus trees was -0.28%-4.22%%, and the average difference was 1.78%. The error ranges of CMM for measuring citrus trees at the different speeds of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m·s ^-1 were 11.63%-31.02%, 11.88%-33.23% and 13.28%-33.30%, respectively. The error ranges by ITPMM for measuring citrus trees were 3.25%-6.69%, 4.50%-8.31% and 5.66%-11.55%, respectively. The distance range of the relative error of the two methods for measuring citrus trees was 6.43%-26.20%, and the average difference was 13.04%. 【Conclusion】 The research showed that the estimation error of the ITPMM was significantly smaller than the CMM. For the same target, when the speed was 0.5 m·s ^-1, both of the estimation accuracy for the two methods were the highest. As the sensor speed increased, laser scanning points on the canopy decreased. So, the relative error of volume estimation increased with increase of advance speed of the laser sensor. When scanning the regular target, the accuracy difference between the two methods was small; when scanning the irregular target, the error of the CMM was larger. The processing time of a frame laser data by the CMM was 2.86 ms, and the processing time by the ITPMM was 4.73 ms, which were less than the scanning period of 20 ms of the laser sensor. The data processing time could match the acquirement of real-time collection and processing of laser data.     

Dietary supplementation with Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) from Bio‐Mos enhances growth parameters and digestive capacity of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Dietary mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) from commercial product, Bio‐Mos supplementation, has been examined for its effects on weight gain and feed conversion of domestic mammals and birds, but very few studies have evaluated the responses of aquacultural species to MOS. A feeding and digestibility trial was performed to asses the potential beneficial effect of two levels of Bio‐Mos on growth, feed utilization, survival rate and nutrients’ digestion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) with an initial average weight of 170 g. Bio‐Mos was added at 2 or 4 g kg^?1 to a fish meal–based control diet, and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 1‐year‐old gilthead sea bream. After 12 weeks, there were no differences in survival rate among fish fed experimental diets (P > 0.05). It was observed that a significant improvability existed for both growth and feed utilization in fish fed diets supplemented with Bio‐Mos (P < 0.05). Body proximate composition remained unaffected by Bio‐Mos supplementation in fish fed experimental diets (P > 0.05). Apparent digestibility values for protein, carbohydrate and energy were appreciably affected by the inclusion of two different levels of Bio‐Mos, only lipid digestibility was the exception. In conclusion, the results of this trial indicate that 2 g kg^?1 dietary supplementation with BIO‐MOS seem to be most positive for gilthead sea bream production.     

The Chemical and Sensory Quality of Smoked Sturgeon (Huso huso): A Case Study

In this study, the tail flesh of sturgeon acquired from the fish market in Be?ikta?-Istanbul, Turkey was put through hot smoking. The chemical composition of raw and smoked sturgeon was determined. The protein, lipid, ash, and moisture of the muscle tissue in raw and smoked sturgeon were found to be 17.63 to 17.49, 6.07 to 9.59, 0.79 to 2.71, and 75.42 to 68.40%, respectively. Both the raw fish and the smoked fish meat were categorized to possess high quality characteristics with pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), and trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) values. After smoking, the skin color lightness (L*) of raw fish was determined to decrease, while the flesh color lightness of raw fish was determined to increase. The redness (a*) and the yellowness (b*) of both the skin and the flesh were determined to increase. Sensory parameters of color, smoke aroma, flavor, texture, chewiness, and overall acceptance for smoked sturgeon was described as excellent and its flesh tasty.     

吉林地区花生叶部病害的消长规律及不同花生品种(系)的抗病性评价

本研究以30个花生品种(系)为试验材料,探究了花生叶部病害的消长规律及不同花生品种(系)的抗病性.从2020年8月初至9月中上旬收获,每隔7d调查一次,采用双对角线的5点法进行取样调查,共计调查6次,计算病情指数及相对抗病指数.通过调查可知:褐斑病发病最早,在8月初即有病斑发生;黑斑病发病最晚,8月末才零星发生.通过对...