Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

The 16MΔvjbR as an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate for differentiation between Brucella vaccination and infection

Brucellosis brings great economic burdens for developing countries. Live attenuated vaccines are the most efficient means for prevention and control of animal Brucellosis. However, the difficulties of differentiating of infection from vaccine immunization, which is essential for eradication programs, limit their applications. Therefore, the development of a vaccine that could differentiate infection from immunization will overcome the limitations and get extensive application. VjbR is a quorum sensing regulator involving in Brucella's intracellular survival. The vjbR∷Tn5 mutants have been proven effective against wild type strain challenge, implying its possibility of use in vaccine candidate development. To further evaluate this candidate gene, in the present study, the antigenicity of purified recombinant VjbR protein was analyzed. Antibodies to Brucella melitensis VjbR could be detected in sera from patients and animals with brucellosis but not in control ones, implying the potential use of this protein as a diagnostic antigen. Then a vjbR mutant of B. melitensis 16M was constructed by replacing the vjbR with kanamycin gene. The mutant showed reduced survival in macrophage and mice. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with 16MΔvjbR conferred significant protective immunity against B. melitensis strain 16M challenges, being equivalent to which induced by the license vaccine Rev.1. The vjbR deletion mutant elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon and interleukin-10. The most importance is that, the use of vjbR mutants as vaccines in association with diagnostic tests based on the VjbR antigen would allow the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. These results suggest that 16MΔvjbR is an ideal live attenuated vaccine candidate against B. melitensis and deserves further evaluation for vaccine development.     

大黄鱼冷藏过程中的鲜度变化

研究了大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)贮藏于0℃(冰藏)、3℃、7℃和10℃过程中,在感官、化学和微生物品质方面的变化特性,并对其货架期进行分析,探讨了菌落总数、嗜冷菌、假单胞菌、产H2S菌、TVBN和TMA与感官评价的一致程度.结果表明,大黄鱼是海水鱼中鲜度下降较慢的种类,在O℃、3℃、7℃、10℃的贮藏过程中,大黄鱼的高品质期分别为330 h、208 h、114 h和87 h,货架期分别为523 h、368 h、197 h和150 h.各温度高品质期终点和货架期终点时菌落总数(CFU)/g的对数平均值分别为6.10±0.30和6.67±0.35,产H2S菌数(CFU/g)的对数平均值分别为5.82±0.33和6.37±0.22,TVBN均值分别为(14.77±0.5)mg/(100 g)和(28.02±1.19)mg/(100 g);TMA均值分别为(2.55+0.62)mg/(100 g)和(9.84±1.28)mg/(100 g),各温度下高品质期终点和货架期终点时各指标均值均无显著差异(P>0.05),表明菌落总数、产H2S菌数和TVBN值作为大黄鱼低温贮藏的鲜度指标与感官鲜度评价有较好的一致性.     

Ameliorative Effects of Oyster Protein Hydrolysates on Cadmium-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that can cause severe hepatic injury. Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPs) have potential effects on preventing liver disease. In this study, thirty mice were randomly divided into five groups: the control, Cd, Cd + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 100 mg/kg), and low/high dose of OPs-treatment groups (100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg). After continuous administration for 7 days, the ameliorative effect of OPs on Cd-induced acute hepatic injury in Cd-exposed mice was assessed. The results showed that OPs significantly improved the liver function profiles (serum ALT, AST, LDH, and ALP) in Cd-exposed mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OPs decreased apoptotic bodies, hemorrhage, lymphocyte accumulation, and inflammatory cell infiltration around central veins. OPs significantly retained the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, and decreased the elevated hepatic MDA content in Cd-exposed mice. In addition, OPs exhibited a reductive effect on the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammation-related proteins (MIP-2 and COX-2) and the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. OPs suppressed the development of hepatocyte apoptosis (Bax, caspase-3, and Blc-2) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Cd-exposed mice. In conclusion, OPs ameliorated the Cd-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting oxidative damage and inflammatory responses, as well as the development of hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating the ERK/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT-related signaling pathways.     

天然沸石改良苏打盐碱土吸附机理的探讨——Ⅰ.天然沸石对苏打盐碱土中主要盐分吸附规律的研究

本文是利用天然沸石对苏打盐碱土中存在的主要钠盐的吸附规律的研究,探讨了在不同时间的条件下,沸石对不同浓度的4种钠盐的吸附规律。     

如何训练母鸡使用产蛋箱

产在地面垫料和棚架等产蛋箱外的种蛋统称地面蛋,地面蛋是脏蛋不能孵化,即使勉强上孵也会造成孵化器污染,增加实验室检测费用等.地面蛋过多使生产成绩大打折扣,无形中损失了很多利益.     

土壤速效磷浓度对白三叶构型及能量分配的影响

土壤速效磷浓度对白三叶地上部的垂直分布影响显著。结果表明,白三叶构件密度、分枝密度、分枝角度及总能量均与土壤速效磷浓度呈极显著正相关,节间长度则与之呈极显著负相关。叶片和匍匐茎的能量与土壤速效磷浓度呈正比。花序的能量则随着有效磷浓度的增加而减少。茎能量分配随着有效磷浓度的增加呈铃形曲线型变化。     

4UMS-390Ⅱ型木薯收获机的研制

木薯块根是工业上主要的制淀粉原料之一,世界上木薯全部产量的65%用于人类食物,但国内木薯收获机的研制尚未见到相关系统报道.为此,阐述了一种木薯收获机的主要结构、工作原理、主要技术参数及试验结果.试验结果表明,该机型满足设计要求,且能够满足生产要求.     

三疣梭子蟹分子生物学研究进展

三疣梭子蟹作为重要的海洋经济动物,在基础生物学方面有较为全面的研究和总结,但在分子生物学方面的研究还处于起步阶段,相关研究主要集中在同工酶谱分析、RAPD分子标记研究和线粒体基因组序列分析等方面.本文对三疣梭子蟹分子生物学,尤其是分子标记技术的应用研究取得的进展情况进行了阐述,探讨了三疣梭子蟹的研究发展方向,为今后更为系统地研究三疣梭子蟹提供理论依据.