奶牛隐性酮病的研究概况

本文将黑龙江省规模化奶牛场隐性酮病的多年研究进行小结,根据奶牛隐性酮病的发病特点,并结合国内外的文献,概述了黑龙江省奶牛隐性酮病的发生情况、病因学、临床病理学特征和检测及防治方面的研究状况,提出一些问题,旨在为今后的研究提供新的思路和方向,从而创造良好的经济价值.     

皖西南地区春播牧草的适应性研究

对皖西南地区春播的9个牧草品种的适应性,草产量和营养成分进行分析,结果表明:墨西哥玉米、菊苣、杂交狼尾草、甜高粱产量高,干草产量和鲜草产量均在95 t/hm2和15 t/hm2以上,适应性强,品质优良,适合在皖西南地区大面积推广种植。苦荬菜和籽粒苋产量中等,蛋白质含量高达22%以上,青绿多汁,适口性好,可以做为优质牧草在皖西南地区大面积推广种植。饲用玉米、皖草2号、苏丹草产量较低,鲜草产量均在70 t/hm2以下,饲用玉米无再生性,皖草2号、苏丹草在高温条件下病虫害严重,种植时应该注意病虫害防治。     

高寒牧区栽培毛苕子多次刈割生产性能研究

对毛苕子不同刈割时间与次数的生产性能进行了对对比,发现其生产能力有很大差别,试验证明,在高寒牧区栽培毛苕子,在整个生育期内刈割２次可获得最高产草量,一茬草与二葜最佳刈割期分别为初花期和结荚初期。     

鱼肠道弧菌免疫检测方法的研究

采用灭活的鱼肠道弧菌作为抗原,制备兔抗血清,建立了鱼肠道弧菌的间接荧光抗体检测技术(indirect im-munofluorescence assay test,IFAT)、Western-blotting免疫印迹检测技术。IFAT结果显示阳性信号覆盖整个菌体,明亮,清晰,荧光信号呈长弧形且两端钝圆,与鱼肠道弧菌形状一致。Western-blotting结果显示共10条蛋白带发生免疫反应,其中6条蛋白带结果较清晰,显示出较强的特异性免疫反应,阴性对照组无条带。IFAT和Western-blotting结果说明所建立检测方法能够准确、快速的检测出鱼肠道弧菌。     

中华鼢鼠的危害及防治技术

中华鼢鼠的危害,是造林成活率低,林地苗木死亡的主要原因,务必要作好鼢鼠的防治工作。     

激素配比和pH值对蓝莓试管苗增殖生长的影响

该文以对土壤p H值适应性截然不同的蓝莓品种‘斯巴坦’和‘北陆’试管苗为试材,研究二者组织培养条件下对激素配比和p H值的要求。结果表明:‘斯巴坦’试管苗增殖培养基最佳激素配比为ZT0.3 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L,p H值4.5;‘北陆’试管苗增殖培养基最佳激素配比ZT 0.3 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L,p H值5.0。     

射频识别技术在畜禽养殖中的应用与展望

随着畜禽规模养殖的发展,高度集约化养殖模式将影响畜禽的健康状况、疫病防控和福利水平。一种无接触、无应激的射频识别（Radio Frequency Identifi cation,RFID）技术应运而生,该技术可以在无损状态下采集畜禽的行为、生理生化和养殖环境指标,从而为评估集约化养殖的效果和影响提供基础数据。文章讨论了三种常见类型的RFID系统在畜禽养殖中的应用,系统地比较了各类系统的优缺点及适宜应用场景,进一步提出RFID在畜禽养殖中的未来应用方向,以期为深化畜禽信息采集的研究提供参考。     

木耳菌棒力学性能试验

以经过栽培的木耳菌棒为试验材料,在万能试验机上对不同含水率的菌棒试样进行剪切、压缩的力学性能试验。试验结果表明:含水率是影响菌棒剪切强度、抗压强度的重要自然因素。平均含水率分别为11.75%,21.16%,27.68%的菌棒其平均剪切强度分别为29.4k Pa、20k Pa、14.5k Pa。平均含水率分别为14.3%,24%的菌棒,其平均抗压强度分别为144.7k Pa、77.7k Pa。菌棒的含水率与剪切强度,抗压强度均呈幂指数关系。这些都为研制菌棒粉碎机械、选择粉碎参数提供了设计依据。     

微生物菌剂在蔬菜基质研发与应用上的研究进展

综述了在固体有机废弃物基质发酵过程中,添加微生物菌剂对堆体温度、p H值、养分含量和C/N等关键腐熟指标的影响,分析了微生物菌剂在蔬菜基质育苗和栽培上的应用效果及其作用机制,并展望了微生物菌剂在未来基质研发上的应用前景,以期为含有微生物菌剂的功能型蔬菜基质开发提供新的思路。     

Differences between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in the inter-relationships between metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score in the periparturient period

During the early postpartum period dairy cows mobilize fat and muscle to support lactation. This is associated with alterations in blood metabolite and hormone profiles which in turn influence milk yield and fertility. This study developed models to determine how metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score were inter-related at different times in the periparturient period and to compare these relationships in primiparous (PP, n=188) and multiparous (MP, n=312) cows. Data from four previous studies which included information on blood metabolic parameters, parity, milk yield, body condition score and diet were collated into a single dataset. Coefficients of polynomial equations were calculated for each trait between -1 week pre-calving and week +7 postpartum using residual maximum likelihood modelling. The completed dataset was used in a multiple correlation model to determine how the best fit curves were related to each other over time. PP cows had higher concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations throughout, higher leptin concentrations pre-partum and both the peak in non-esterified fatty acids and the nadir in urea concentration occurred earlier after calving. These differences were associated with significantly lower milk production. Leptin concentrations fell at calving and were related to body condition score. Insulin was negatively correlated with yield in MP cows only. In MP cows the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-I and yield switched from negative to positive between weeks +4 and +7. Both beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea were positively related to yield in PP cows. In contrast, in MP cows beta-hydroxybutyrate was negatively correlated with yield and urea was strongly related to body condition score but not yield. These results suggest that there are differences in the control of tissue mobilization between PP and MP cows which may promote nutrient partitioning into growth as well as milk during the first lactation.