苹果树腐烂病的发生与防治

<正>苹果树腐烂病在陕西省吴堡县山地果园发生普遍,危害严重。据对30hm22000株20年生苹果树调查,发病株率达62.5%,其中整株死亡的达24.2%。对此,经过多年的发病观察和防治试验,取得了经济、有     

红托鹅膏生态环境研究

以武定狮山为样点,对红托鹅膏的生境进行了初步研究。结果表明,红托鹅膏主要生长于滇青冈、滇石栎等阔叶林或针（云南松）阔混交林中,其生长的土表层疏松、透气、潮湿,具有厚4 cm~9 cm的腐叶层,有稀薄的阳光透入,土层有机质含量高,矿物质养分丰富,土壤容重较小,偏微酸性（pH5.4~5.7）。子实体分化发育较适宜的温度为19℃~21℃,空气湿度为75%~86%,土壤含水量为38%~50%,并每天保证1 300 lx~2 000 lx的光照2 h~5 h,200 lx~900 lx的弱光6 h~9 h。     

Relationship between Th1/Th2 balance and CD28/CTLA-4 expression on peripheral blood T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

AIM: To investigate the pattern of Th1/Th2 balance in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients and the relationship between CD28/CTLA-4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) molecule expression and Th1/Th2 balance.METHODS: Eighteen SLE patients met the ARA 1997 updated SLE criteria were selected in the study. According to Bombardier's SLEDAI criteria, all patients were classified into two groups: active group(12 cases) and static group(6 cases). Fourteen normal individuals, matched for age and sex of the patients, served as controls. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in RPMI-1640 culture medium. After treated with PMA(5 μg/L) and ionomycin(500 μg/L) for 72 h, the PBMCs were collected, the contents of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured PBMCs were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of CD28 and CTLA-4 molecules on T cells were detected by flow cytometric technique with double staining by FITC or PE labeled monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The level of IL-10 was higher in the PBMCs of active and static SLE patients(351.29 ng/L±153.31 ng/L and 319.37 ng/L±153.39 ng/L) than that in controls(254.48 ng/L±120.69 ng/L), but the difference did not reach statistical significance(P>0.05). The level of IFN-γ was significantly lower in the PBMCs of active SLE patients(25.76 ng/L±16.09 ng/L) than that in controls(50.71 ng/L±27.92 ng/L, P＜0.05). The ratio of IL-10/IFN-γ was significantly higher in active SLE patients(18.74±13.77) than that in controls(6.66±4.95, P<0.05). Either before or after culture, the expression of CD28 molecule on CD3⁺and CD8⁺ T cells from all SLE patients was not remarkably different from that in the cells of controls. Before culture, the expression of CTLA-4 molecule on CD3⁺T cells of active SLE patients(0.79%+0.37%) was significantly lower than that in the cells of controls(1.31%+0.61%, P<0.05). After culture, the expression of CTLA-4 molecule on CD3⁺ T cells of SLE patients was still lower than that in the cells of normal controls without statistical significance(P＞0.05).The expression level of CD28 molecule on CD3⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells in active SLE patients and controls was not correlated with the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in the supernatants(P＞0.05). The level of CTLA-4 molecule expression on CD3⁺ T cells of active SLE patients was positively correlated with IFN-γ level(r=0.681, P<0.05), while was negatively correlated with IL-10 levels(r=-0.624,P＜0.05) and the ratio of IL-10/IFN-γ(r=-0.738, P<0.01). The level of CTLA-4 molecule expression on CD3⁺ or CD8⁺ T cells of controls showed no correlation with IFN-γ levels, while showed negative correlations with IL-10 level(r=-0.587, P<0.05; r=-0.563, P<0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: There is a bias in the differentiation of Th0 cells towards Th2 in SLE patients. CTLA-4 probably plays an important role in this mechanism through suppressing the signal transmitted by CD28.     

新疆野生樱桃李SSR体系的建立及应用

为建立适宜新疆野生樱桃李的SSR分子标记技术体系,通过对PCR反应程序、反应体系(DNA模板量、引物浓度、Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度、Taq酶用量)以及退火温度进行了探索,建立了适宜野生樱桃李的SSR-PCR反应体系。结果表明:在25μL反应体系中,Mg2+1.0 mmol/L、引物0.5μmol/L、dNTPs 0.20 mmol/L、TaqDNA聚合酶1.0 U、模板DNA 30 ng、退火温度为60℃。SSR扩增程序:94℃预变性5 min,35个循环(94℃30 s,60℃1 min,72℃1 min),72℃延伸10 min,可筛选出稳定性好、多态性高的SSR引物。     

三种香料蔬菜的营养及挥发性物质分析

对百里香、罗勒、龙蒿草3种香料蔬菜的营养物质含量及挥发性化学物质成分进行了分析,并与普通蔬菜的文献值进行比较。结果表明:3种香料蔬菜的蛋白质、碳水化合物及无机营养元素钙、铁、锌和硒、维生素C含量比普通蔬菜高,而脂肪、胡萝卜素含量与普通蔬菜相比无明显差异。     

樱桃番茄新品种钱江红珠的选育

钱江红珠是以X1R为母本、KY-10-1为父本配制而成的杂交1代樱桃番茄新品种.该品种属无限生长型,中熟,生长势强.果实长圆,大红色,大小均匀,单果质量16～18 g,硬度好,耐贮运,春季667 m2平均产量5000 kg左右,抗TMV(Tobacco mosaic virus),中抗CMV(Cucumber mosa...     

重组酶聚合酶扩增技术在植物病原快速检测中的应用

植物病原的快速检测对于植物病害防控具有重要意义。重组酶聚合酶扩增(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)是近年建立的等温核酸扩增技术,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、适用于现场快速检测等特点,已在多个领域广泛应用。本文对重组酶聚合酶扩增技术的原理、特性、检测方法及其在植物病原体检测领域的应用进展加以综述。     

安徽发现草地贪夜蛾为害早播小麦

2019年5月17日,在安徽省黄山市黄山区发现草地贪夜蛾为害春玉米,首次证实草地贪夜蛾入侵安徽,截至8月25日全省16市全部见虫。2019年10月22日,淮南市寿县窑口镇早播小麦田发现疑似该虫为害,经鉴定,确认为草地贪夜蛾。调查发现,全田均可见该虫为害状,百株被害率最高达84.21%,每平方米最高虫量43头。调查提示,入侵安徽的草地贪夜蛾种群可取食为害小麦,应加强其在麦田发生情况的监测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测棉花和土壤中呋虫胺残留

在QuEChERS方法基础上,建立了棉花和土壤中呋虫胺残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速检测分析方法。方法选用乙腈为提取剂,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和石墨化炭黑(GCB)为净化剂,外标法定量。添加回收试验结果表明,不同添加浓度的呋虫胺(0.01、0.05和0.5mg/kg)在棉花植株、棉籽和土壤中的平均回收率为80.9%~107.5%,变异系数为3.3%~10.3%,定量限(LOQ)分别为4.81、3.41和2.26μg/kg。呋虫胺在棉花植株上的消解动态表明,呋虫胺在河南省和山东省两地棉花植株中的降解半衰期分别为1.9d和1.2d。     

苯醚甲环唑对采后芒果的保鲜研究

通过浸果处理,研究了10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对采后芒果的防腐保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:经有效成分质量浓度为200和300 mg/L的苯醚甲环唑处理后,经常温(25℃)和低温(13℃)贮藏的芒果均表现出发病率降低、好果率增加、转黄时间被推迟及果实失重率下降的现象;处理组芒果硬度、可溶性固形物、总糖、可滴定酸及VC的含量均明显高于对照,表明使用10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂进行芒果保鲜处理,除可明显延长芒果贮藏时间并提高贮藏保鲜效果外,还能较好地保持果实的风味和营养品质。其中,200 mg/L浓度处理的芒果防腐保鲜效果显著好于300 mg/L的处理。