钾肥对紫花苜蓿根颈丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量与抗氧化系统的影响

为探究钾肥种类及用量对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)抗寒性的影响,本研究以'北极熊'为供试紫花苜蓿品种,采用二因素随机区组试验设计,研究了秋季施用不同钾肥(硫酸钾和氯化钾)及不同施用量(0,50,100,150,200 kg·hm-2 K2 O)对越冬期苜蓿根颈在不同温度(4℃,—20℃)处理下抗氧化酶[过氧化...     

生物炭-土壤结皮对土壤水分入渗和蒸发特征的影响

为提高降水资源利用效率和选择适宜生物炭覆盖量,采用垂直一维定水头入渗法,研究土壤结皮(生物炭覆盖量为0×104 kg/hm2)、单倍炭-土壤结皮(生物炭覆盖量为3×104 kg/hm2)和双倍炭-土壤结皮(生物炭覆盖量为6×104 kg/hm2)对土壤入渗和蒸发特征的影响.结果 表明:生物炭-土壤结皮的累计入渗量、初始...     

植物病原镰刀菌产生的毒素种类及其危害

镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)是多种重要农作物的病原体,不仅可造成农作物产量和品质的严重损失还可在离体培养条件下或植物寄主体内产生一系列被称为镰刀菌毒素的次生代谢产物.这些毒素一方面作为致病因子与镰刀菌对宿主植物的致病力密切相关,另一方面可导致家畜生产性能下降和相关病症的出现,进而影响农业生态系统并对人类健康造成...     

生乳储运条件对品质影响的探究

菌落总数是衡量生乳品质的重要指标之一.生乳中菌落总数基数越大,其品质越不稳定.但因为奶源产地等原因,生乳必须经过一段时间运输才能到达乳品企业进行生产,运输过程可能由于微生物繁殖导致生乳品质下降.试验选取菌落总数基数不同的两批生乳,通过在2～6℃和10～15℃条件下存放,模拟生乳在冷藏储运和脱冷储运状态下,分别储存24 ...     

犊牛饮水的重要性与管理要点

犊牛阶段的生长发育状况对成年后生产性能的发挥具有极为重要的影响,所以犊牛的饲养管理非常关键。水是犊牛维持基础营养代谢和健康生长的重要营养元素,但是与代乳粉和开食料等日粮相比,容易被牧场忽视。本文分析了犊牛饮水的重要性及需水量与采食量的关系,讨论了犊牛饮水管理中的关键点,为加强犊牛饮水管理,提高犊牛阶段的培育管理水平提供指导。     

紫花苜蓿个体性状对土壤磷素供给能力的响应研究

磷元素是影响紫花苜蓿生产的主要限制因素之一,通过研究苜蓿个体性状对不同土壤磷素供给水平的响应,有助于揭示磷元素对苜蓿生产力的影响途径,进而为苜蓿产业的发展提供理论依据.本研究利用有效磷(P2O5)含量低于3 mg/kg的土壤设置(P2O5)0,30,90,180 mg/kg 4个磷肥添加梯度,形成4种具有不同磷素供给水...     

响应面法优化常温饮用型酸乳配方

采用响应曲面法对常温饮用型酸乳的配方进行优化。用Plackett-Burman设计法研究全脂乳粉与乳清粉的蛋白比例、琼脂、淀粉、果胶、果糖和稀奶油添加量6 个因素对酸乳黏度及持水力的影响,筛选出影响酸乳黏度和持水力的显著因素,用Box-Behnken试验设计优化最佳配方。结果表明：全脂乳粉与乳清粉的蛋白比例、琼脂、淀粉及果胶添加量是影响常温饮用型酸乳黏度和持水力的显著因素（P＜0.05）;经过响应面试验设计建立黏度、持水力和4因素的模型,对此模型进行求解得到最佳配方为全脂乳粉与乳清粉的蛋白比例5∶1、琼脂     

Isolation,Identification and Genotyping of Pasteurella multocida from Fowl Cholera

In order to determine the suspected avian cholera pathogen and geneotypes, bacteria isolation technology was used to isolate and culture pathogenic bacteria, the isolated bacteria were identified by traditional methods and molecular biological methods. Geneotyping of the isolated bacteria were determined using PCR technology and gene sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacteria had typical culture characteristics of Pasteurella multocida (Pm),and the morphology of the colony, the characteristics of cell staining, the physiological and biochemical characteristics were consist with Pm; 457 bp fragment was amplified by PCR. Geneotyping results showed that only A primer amplified the target gene fragment of 1 050 bp, sequence analysis also showed that the isolated bacteria shared 97.6% to 100.0% sequence homology with reference strains, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolated bacteria and A type Pm were in a branch.The experimental results indicated that the isolated bacteria was identified as capsular serotype A of Pm, the results provided reference for the prevention and control of fowl cholera.     

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody Against Lasalocid and Deveopment of Indirect Competitive ELISA Detection Method

To prepare monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against lasalocid (LAS) and establish an indirect competitive ELISA (Ci-ELISA) detection method,conjuaction of LAS-BSA and LAS-OVA were synthetized as the immunogen and coating antigen by using active ester method in this experiment. After 6 times of immunization,the spleen cells of mice and myeloma cells were fused. Finally,a hybridoma cell line that could stably secrete specific MAb against LAS was screened.The immunological subtype of the MAb was identified as IgG1,and its light chain was κ type.The titer of the ascites was 1:16 000, which showed no cross activity with monensin sodium, salinomycin sodium,maduramycin,cefalotin sodium and streptomycin sulfate. Ci-ELISA method was established based on the MAb against LAS with the linear equation was y=0.376x-0.2374(R²=0.9914), and the linear range was 5 to 1 000 ng/mL and the IC₅₀ was 90.22 ng/mL. The method was used to detect LAS in spiked samples and the recovery rate was 81.76% to 102.41% within the detection range,indicating that the method was successfully established with good accuracy and high sensitivity. The preparation of MAb against LAS and the establishment of Ci-ELISA method laid the foundation for the development of LAS detection kit.     

Evaluation of Associative Effects of Alfalfa Meal and Ammoniated Corn Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This experiment was conducted to determine the best roughage combination of alfalfa meal (AM) and ammoniated corn straw (ACS),so as to improve the efficiency of roughage utilization and reduce the cost of feeding. The AM was mixed with ACS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50,40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group. The accumulated gas production (GP) at fermentation for 3,6,12,24,48 h,and the changes of pH,dry matter disappearance rate (DMD),ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, microbial protein (MCP) and volatile fat acids (VFA) concentration,and their single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) were determined by gas production technique in vitro after fermentation for 48 h. The results showed as follows:The accumulated gas production of AM20:ACS80 group was higher than that of the other groups,and the DMD of AM0:ACS100 group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).The NH₃-N concentration of AM20:ACS80 and AM0:ACS100 groups was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05).The MCP concentration was highest in AM20:ACS80 group,and the concentration of acetic acid and TVFA in AM20:ACS80 group was the highest (P<0.05),and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio in all groups was more than 3,which indicating that it belonged to the acetic acid fermentation type.The pH during the fermentation ranged from 6.69 to 6.85.The results of MFAEI and SFAEI of each combination indicated that only the AM20:ACS80 group showed the positive associative effects. In conclusion,the 20:80 combination ratio for AM and ACS showed the best associative effects.