‘国光’苹果及其红色芽变花青苷合成与相关酶活性的研究

 以‘国光’苹果及其红色芽变为试材, 测定了果实发育期间的花青苷含量及其相关酶活性,并研究了套袋对芽变花青苷合成的影响。结果显示: ①在果实发育期间, 芽变果皮的花青苷含量明显高于‘国光’, 尤其是成熟期芽变果皮花青苷含量为132170 U·g^-1FW, 而‘国光’仅为49140 U·g^-1FW; ②在果实发育期间, 两个品种间PAL 和UFGT的酶活性无明显差异, 但芽变的CHI和DFR酶活性明显高于‘国光’, 表明芽变花青苷合成能力的提高与CHI和DFR酶活性高有关; ③套袋抑制芽变果皮花青苷的合成, 但解袋后花青苷的含量极显著升高, 解袋后4种酶的变化趋势差异较大, CHI和UFGT活性均迅速升高, 明显高于对照, 这与解袋后花青苷迅速合成相吻合。综上结果, 芽变与原有品种在着色机理上的关键指标是果皮花青苷含量和CHI酶活性。     

桃果实非酸/酸性状SCAR标记的转化与验证

 根据筛选到的与桃果实非酸/酸性状紧密连锁的3个AFLP标记特异片段序列信息, 设计特异引物BFPA1/A2、BFPB1/B2和BFPC1/C2。3个特异引物在‘京玉’桃、‘美味’油桃及其正反交F¹代69株群体中的PCR检测结果表明: 引物BFPB1/B2在果实性状表现为酸的后代个体中扩增出分子量大小为158 bp的特异条带, 且根据特异片段AT-CTA₁₉₉不同部位设计的引物都能稳定扩增, 只是片段大小有所差异;特异扩增检测F¹群体分离结果与原先AFLP_AT/CTA标记完全一致, 表明AFLP标记已成功转化为SCAR标记,该SCAR BFPB1/B2标记与D基因的连锁距离为2199 cM。利用SCAR BFPB1/B2标记对‘大久保’桃ב兴津’油桃的F²群体60株个体的果实非酸/酸性状进行检测, 基因型与表型性状符合率为96.7% , 并且表现为共显性标记。特异引物BFPA1/A2和BFPC1/C2的扩增多态性条带在亲本及后代中消失。     

茶树新品种‘佛香3号’

 ‘佛香3号’是利用‘福鼎大白茶’ ( ♀) ב长叶白毫’ ( ♂) 人工授粉杂交, 从F1 中单株选育而成, 为高香、优质、高产、抗逆性强, 适制绿茶的新品种。绿茶外形满披银毫, 香气高长, 滋味鲜醇, 叶底黄绿明亮; 优质干茶产量2 371.2 kg·hm^-2, 适宜在云南大叶茶区推广种植。     

马铃薯抗坏血酸含量及其代谢相关酶活性关系的研究

 为探讨马铃薯不同器官中抗坏血酸(AsA) 含量及其代谢相关酶活性关系, 研究了马铃薯幼叶、功能叶、老叶、茎和块茎中AsA和其氧化态脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA) 的含量与L - 半乳糖- 1, 4 - 内酯脱氢酶( GalLDH) 、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR) 、谷胱甘肽还原酶( GR ) 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AO) 和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR) 等6种酶活性之间的相关性。结果表明, 马铃薯AsA在幼叶和块茎中含量很高。叶片和茎的抗坏血酸库(AsA与DHA之和) 水平与GalLDH活性显著相关, 而AsA含量与DHAR活性显著相关, DHA含量与APX活性显著相关。说明在马铃薯幼叶中高含量的AsA可能由于GalLDH和DHAR的高活性; 而块茎中AsA的积累, 主要来自于叶片的运输和DHAR催化的DHA再生。     

南亚热带李新品种‘华蜜大蜜李’

 ‘华蜜大蜜李’是从‘三华李’中选育出来的优良新品种, 果实近圆形, 平均单果质量51.5 g, 可溶性固形物含量9%～11% , 酸甜味浓, 肉质软溶, 丰产稳产, 是‘三华李’中的大果品种, 适合于南亚热带山区栽培。在广东6月中下旬果实红熟。     

樱桃透光和郁闭树冠相对光照强度及其果实品质和产量的差异

 以13年生‘红灯’甜樱桃（Prunus avium L.）为试材,应用树冠分格方法,研究了树冠透光和郁闭两种冠型内相对光照强度及其果实品质和产量的差异,以及相对光照强度与果实产量品质的关系。结果表明,两种树冠内相对光照强度均自下而上逐渐增高,透光和郁闭树冠小于30%的相对光照区域分别占树冠总体积的25.23%和52.78%。透光树冠果实分布均匀,主要集中在树冠1.5～2.5 m的高度;而郁闭树冠果实分布差异较大,主要在树冠的外围和上部;产量分别是9.02t.hm-2和3.53t.hm-2。果实品质因素与相对光照强度的回归分析表明樱桃单果质量、果实硬度、果实可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比最佳的相对光照强度值分别为76.52%、46.84%、100.00%、41.63%和75.77%。     

Effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on neointimal hyperplasia of autogenous vein graft in rats. METHODS: The model of autogenous vein graft was prepared by transplanting the external jugular vein into aorta in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group, graft control group and graft experimental group. From three days after transplantation, the rats of autograft experimental group were treated by atorvastatin at a dosage of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1. Four weeks after treatment, venous autografts were removed at autopsy and cut into 4 μm sections. Histopathological examination was carried out to analysis the neointimal hyperplasia of grafted veins. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate SMα-actin and PCNA expression of neointimal cells in venous autografts. RESULTS: In venous autograft control and experimental groups, SMα-actin-positive smooth muscle cells were proliferated and accumulated excessively in venous autografts, which resulted in significant neointimal formation and vascular lumen narrowing. Neointima quantitative assay revealed that the neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts was suppressed obviously in graft experimental group, and its neointimal area and NIA/MA ratio of venous autografts were significantly lower than those in graft control group (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical assay indicated that the PCNA labeling index of neointimal cells was significantly lower in graft experimental group than that in graft control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin significantly inhibits the proliferation of neointimal smooth muscle cells and the development of neointimal hyperplasia of venous autografts in rats. Atorvastatin is a powerful inhibitor of restenosis after vascular reconstructive operation with a potential for therapeutic use.     

Identification of serum differential proteins in colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma by proteomics

AIM: To investigate the associated proteins and sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to define patterns of protein expressions of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma. Proteins expressed differentially among groups were detected, cut out and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Two-dimensional protein maps of colorectal adenoma and early malignantly transformed adenoma were analyzed with gel-analysis software, an average of 1 672 spots in adenoma, 1 732 in early malignantly transformed adenoma were observed. 28 spots of a 1.5-fold change were found, including 15 proteins down-regulated and 13 up-regulated in early malignantly transformed adenoma, in which 23 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, the rate of identification was 82.14%. 13 differential proteins were attained, 8 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated, which was classified to 6 categories, including protease inhibitor, complement, immunoglobulin, keratoproteins, signal transduction protein and function-unknown proteins. CONCLUSION: The changes of serum proteins in early malignantly transformed adenoma from adenoma can be identified by proteomic technology. Proteins detected in the study may provide new biomarkers correlated with biological behavior of colorectal adenocarcinoma.     

Caelastrol and pristimerin derived from Leigongteng inhibit promoter activity of HLA-B*2705 gene

AIM: To screen the effective chemicals, which can suppress the promoter activity of the HLA-B*2705 gene as potential therapeutic agents. METHODS: The HeLa-HLA-B27, 293T-HLA-B27 stable transfectants were used to monitor the effect of 12 264 chemicals through high throughput screening (HTS). Chemicals which regulates HLA-B*2705 promoter activity more than 150% or less than 60% were picked out for the further IC50/EC50 and cell viability detection. RESULTS: (1) The primary screening used by 293T-HLA-B27 stable transfectant yielded about 5.1% hits which either suppressed (556 chemicals) or enhanced (68 chemicals) the HLA-B*2705 promoter activity. (2) A reconfirmation screening was carried out with these 624 of the candidates using transfected HeLa-HLA-B27 cells. Seventy hits were confirmed. (3) Based on the bioinformatics of those positive hits, 40 chemicals were selected for in-depth analysis by dose-response experiment and IC50/EC50 detection. Six suppressors showed potential pharmacological activities. Interestingly, two suppressors (celastrol and pristimerin) are derived from Leigongteng, a herbal medicine already used for several decades for treatment of immune regulatory and inflammatory diseases. Four active chemicals were computer designed with no relevance to the above structures. CONCLUSION: Chinese traditional herb Nansheteng and Leigongteng might be the potential drugs for HLA-B27 positive patients. These results provide new direction for research in both the therapeutics and the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis.     

新疆龙蒿开花习性及花芽分化研究

通过对新疆龙蒿整个生长周期的动态观测,发现新疆龙蒿在5月下旬～7月初进行花芽分化,其过程可分为花轴分化期、花序分化期和花器官分化期;顶生花芽和侧生花芽均由营养锥分化而成;舌状花为雌花,管状花为两性花.