雪胆多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性分析

[目的]优化雪胆水溶性和水不溶性多糖提取工艺,并分析其抗氧化活性,为雪胆多糖的开发利用提供参考依据.[方法]采用热水浸提法提取雪胆水溶性多糖、碱液浸提法提取雪胆水不溶性多糖,以多糖提取率为考察指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化2种雪胆多糖的提取工艺条件,同时测定雪胆多糖清除羟基自由基(·OH)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和超氧阴离子(O-2·)的能力及还原能力.[结果]影响热水浸提雪胆水溶性多糖的因素排序为提取温度>料液比>提取时间,最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1:16、提取温度80℃、提取时间2.0 h,在此条件下,雪胆水溶性多糖提取率为(28.70±0.63)%;影响碱液浸提雪胆水不溶性多糖的因素排序为料液比>提取温度>提取时间,最佳提取条件为:料液比1:18、提取温度70℃、提取时间2.0 h,在此条件下,雪胆水不溶性多糖提取率为(31.43±0.42)%.雪胆水溶性多糖和水不溶性多糖对·OH和DPPH自由基均有较好的清除效果,2种雪胆多糖质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基的清除率在50.00%以上,质量浓度为0.1 mg/mL时,对·OH的清除率在50.00%以上;此外,2种多糖具有良好的还原能力和清除O-2·能力,均随多糖质量浓度的增加而增强.[结论]采用正交试验优化获得雪胆水溶性多糖热水浸提工艺和雪胆水不溶性多糖碱液浸提工艺,提取操作简便,方法可行,提取的2种多糖均具有较强的抗氧化活性,可作为天然抗氧化资源加以利用.     

秸秆覆盖还田对桑园土壤生物学性状及其细菌群落结构的影响

[目的]分析秸秆覆盖还田对桑园土壤肥力及其细菌多样性的影响,阐明秸秆覆盖还田技术对南方桑园土壤肥力及健康的影响机制与应用前景,为构建稳定高产、可持续发展的桑树栽培管理体系提供参考依据.[方法]设秸秆覆盖还田桑园和对照桑园(非秸秆覆盖还田桑园)2个处理,其中,秸秆覆盖还田处理是将水稻秸秆切碎、自然堆沤50~60 d后覆盖于桑树根系两旁,覆盖45 d后分别采集秸秆覆盖还田桑园和对照桑园的土壤样品,利用传统的测定方法和Illumina高通量测序技术分析秸秆覆盖还田对桑园土壤生物学性状及土壤细菌群落结构特征的影响.[结果]秸秆覆盖还田桑园土壤β-葡糖苷酶、氨肽酶和磷酸酶活性及土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)和微生物生物量磷(MBP)含量均显著高于对照桑园土壤(P<0.05,下同);秸秆覆盖还田桑园土壤的菌群Chao1和Shannon指数也显著高于对照桑园土壤.在秸秆覆盖还田桑园和对照桑园土壤中相对丰度大于1.00%的优势细菌门分类数量均为11个,但二者的优势细菌门分类组成比例存在一定差异;相对于对照桑园土壤,秸秆覆盖还田桑园土壤中Bac-teroidota的相对丰度急剧增加,而绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和Verrucomicrobiota的相对丰度急剧下降.在秸秆覆盖还田桑园和对照桑园土壤中相对丰度大于1.00%的优势细菌属分类数量分别为23和24个;与对照桑园土壤相比,秸秆覆盖还田桑园土壤中虽然慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、假双头斧形菌属(Pseudolabrys)、Dongia、Candidatus_Udaeo-bacter和norank_f_JG30-KF-AS9等优势细菌属部分缺失,但富集了类诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、norank_f_Methyloli-gellaceae、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和微枝形杆菌属(Microvirga)等特有优势菌属.秸秆覆盖还田桑园土壤的特有细菌属为199个、特有细菌种为390个,分别是对照桑园土壤特有细菌属和细菌种的3.75和2.52倍.[结论]秸秆覆盖还田不仅显著提高桑园土壤肥力,还改变桑园土壤优势细菌不同(门、属)分类水平的组成比例,形成更丰富多样的土壤细菌群落结构,而有助于维护桑园土壤健康.     

微生物技术在烟草种植中的应用探究

由于我国科学技术的快速发展,在生物技术领域的研究也取得了很大的进步,微生物技术也 逐渐被广泛应用在农业生产之中。由于微生物可以在土壤中分解一些有害的物质,有效改变土壤环 境,从而促进农作物的生产量以及提供农作物的综合质量,所以也开始在烟草种植中逐步实施。对 此,本文对微生物技术在烟草种植中的应用进行探究,希望能为利用微生物技术进行烟草种植提供参 考作用。     

乡村振兴战略下生鲜农产品智慧零售模式研究——以浦东新区农贸市场为例

生鲜电商是近年来颇受业界关注的零售业态。该篇文章研究的问题就是如何将生鲜电商物 流问题、高用工成本以及专业的生鲜人才储备不足等因素通过智慧零售模式同乡村振兴结合在一起, 通过实地调查和软件分析的方式提供解决农产品上行难、物流运输困难等问题的方法,为振兴乡村提 供有力的支撑。     

中华传统农业文化与构建社会主义和谐社会

构建社会主义和谐社会是我国“五位一体”总体布局中的主要内容之一。中华传统农业文化 当中蕴含着丰富的和谐思想,对今天构建社会主义和谐社会意义有很大的借鉴价值。     

毕节市油茶产业发展现状及对策

油茶作为世界四大木本食用油料植物之一,在林业产业和山区经济发展中占有十分重要的 地位。近年来,毕节将油茶产业作为助推脱贫攻坚的重要支柱产业之一,大力发展。文章介绍了毕节 市近年推进油茶产业的一些主要做法,并指出了当前发展油茶产业存在的一些问题,针对问题,提供 了现阶段的一些对策,以期为促进全市油茶产业发展,助推脱贫攻坚提供一定的理论依据。     

基于城市化进程下的失地农民问题研究

由于我国城市化的进程飞速发展,使得许多的农村土地被国家大量的征收,这使一个特殊群 体快速地在社会中占据了一定的比例,就是失地农民。他们既不是农民却又与城市中的居民不同。 这种群体的产生是每一个国家在发展中都会遇到的问题,而对于该群体在社会中的生存也成为一项 重要的问题。因此,文章以城市化进程中失地农民的问题以及原因入手,提出了解决城市化进程下失 地农民问题的策略,以供参考。     

陕西城固县湿地资源保护现状及对策研究

对城固县湿地资源现状及保护情况进行了调查,针对存在的问题,提出开展湿地自然保护区 优化调整工作、加强宣传教育、完成湿地保护区勘界立标、防治外来物种入侵等方面的对策建议,为促 进城固县湿地资源科学保护、健康发展,永续利用提供有益参考。     

One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor, nutrients, and management) mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing, high density, and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction. However, it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice. A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1), 5(FT2), 10(FT3), 15(FT4), and 20(FT5) days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6), making six treatments altogether. Cotton growth period, biomass accumulation, yield, and its formation were quantified. The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6, however, the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter. FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1 396 kg ha–1), which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments, and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage. Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated. FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1) and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1) rates during the fast biomass accumulation period. These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom, and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.