Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Kunming mice (n=50) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): normal saline control (NS) group, acute alcoholic hepatic injury model (E) group, low-dose (10 μg/kg) DEX (E+L) group, medium-dose (50 μg/kg) DEX (E+M) group and high-dose (100 μg/kg) DEX (E+H) group. The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after gavage of alcohol or normal saline. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The livers were removed for evaluation of histological characteristics and determining the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) amd interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the liver tissues by ELISA. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver tissues were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with NS group, the levels of ALT, AST and TG were obviously increased in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA were obviously increase in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the activity of SOD and the content of GSH were obviously decreased in E group, which were obviously increased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the expression of CYP2E1 and NF-κB was obviously increase in E group, which was obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, ethanol induced marked liver histological injury, which was less pronounced in E+M and E+H groups. CONCLUSION: DEX has a protective effect on mouse liver with acute alcoholic injury by the involvement in the processes of antioxidation and antiinflammation, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of CYP2E1 and NF-κB expression.     

温度对“杰兔”兔眼蓝莓花粉活力及柱头可授性的影响

以5年生兔眼蓝莓品种"杰兔"为试材,研究了温度对花粉活力和柱头可授性的影响,在此基础上开展了花粉活力和柱头可授性与温度的回归分析,以期阐明温度对蓝莓授粉的影响,明确蓝莓花粉活力和柱头可授性的最适温度,为蓝莓生产栽培花期管理,人工辅助授粉天气选择及温度抗性育种积累科学依据。结果表明:温度对"杰兔"的花粉活力和柱头可授性有显著影响,当温度显著降低或升高时花粉活力和柱头可授性均显著下降,当日均温为2.4℃时花粉活力仅为14.0%,同时柱头不具可授性,当最高温为32.3℃时花粉活力亦仅为41.0%,同时仅30.0%的柱头具强可授性。回归分析结果表明,"杰兔"花粉活力最高的适宜温度为21.5℃,柱头可授性最强的适宜温度为18.2℃。     

海拔高度对茅莓果实品质的影响

对梵净山同一山体、同一坡面上800~2 000m不同海拔高度2年生茅莓果实品质进行了分析研究,以期为高海拔地区茅莓栽培选择适宜的生态区提供参考依据。结果表明:可滴定酸含量与海拔高度呈负相关;单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白质含量在海拔800~1 800 m区段,随着海拔的升高逐渐增加;而在1 800~2 000m区段,呈下降趋势;在海拔1 600~1 800m区段茅莓的单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白质含量与其它海拔区段差异显著(P0.05),表现出很好的品质特性,是适合茅莓优质高产栽培的海拔地带。     

姬松茸栽培研究进展

姬松茸是一种珍稀食药用菌,发展前景广阔。近年来,我国姬松茸栽培得到逐步推广,但栽培技术尚有待提高。该研究从驯化栽培史、生物学特性、栽培技术等方面综述了姬松茸栽培研究进展,旨在为姬松茸生产的进一步发展提供借鉴。     

甜樱桃花芽与枝条冻害调查分析

以8个甜樱桃品种为试材,研究调查了2015年11月与2016年1月2次寒潮过后泰安市部分甜樱桃品种冻害发生情况。结果表明:冻害原因为降温幅度大、低温持续时间长、防寒意识差,最终导致甜樱桃花芽和枝条受到严重冻害,有些地区花芽冻害指数高达79.9,枝条冻害指数61.2。但不同砧穗组合与品种间的冻害发生程度不同。合理修剪、加强水肥、保花促果、冻害部位处理、预防"倒春寒"等预防与补救措施可以有效防止甜樱桃冻害发生。     

喷施沼液对苹果产量品质及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响

以短枝"富士"苹果为试材,研究了叶面喷施不同体积分数的沼液对苹果产量品质及成熟过程中蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:喷施体积分数为75%的沼液,增加了果实维生素C、可溶性总糖和可滴定酸含量以及果实的果形指数,改善了苹果果实品质,提高了苹果的产量,与对照不喷清水不喷肥相比增产率最高,为13.7%,即667m~2可增产44.5kg。果实成熟后期,各喷肥处理下的蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性均高于对照CK,随着沼液喷施体积分数的增加,蔗糖含量逐渐增多;蔗糖含量与蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.648、0.530(P0.01)。因此,可以在苹果成熟后期叶面喷施沼液增加蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性,进而提高果实内蔗糖含量,改善苹果的品质。     

青天葵总黄酮抗氧化及抑菌活性

以青天葵为试材,乙醇为溶剂,对青天葵进行总黄酮提取;采用清除羟自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和测定总还原能力的方法来评价青天葵总黄酮抗氧化活性;并通过测定其对6种试验菌的最低抑菌浓度来考察其抑菌活性。结果表明:青天葵黄酮提取液对羟自由基的清除优于同浓度的抗坏血酸溶液,清除DPPH自由基的IC50是17.4μg·mL~(-1),清除超氧阴离子自由基的IC50是95.5μg·mL~(-1),还原能力稍弱于抗坏血酸;对白色念珠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的抑制作用较强,最低抑菌浓度均为0.25mg·mL~(-1)。     

新疆加工型辣椒花药培养技术研究

以6个新疆加工型辣椒品种207、208、64、66、67、HT113为试材,以MSB培养基为基本培养基,附加不同植物激素浓度的NAA、2,4-D、TDZ、KT进行花药培养,研究不同植物激素处理对加工型辣椒花药愈伤组织和胚状体诱导的影响,以建立适应于新疆加工型辣椒的花药培养技术。结果表明:不同基因型辣椒的愈伤组织诱导率和出胚率均不同,愈伤组织诱导率为4.98%~29.65%,胚状体诱导率为0~6.88%。0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.1mg·L~(-1) TDZ和0.5mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.1mg·L~(-1) KT分别是愈伤组织诱导和胚状体诱导最适宜的激素组合;在新疆特有的气候条件和种植模式下,7月中旬前的花药接种培养最为适宜;胚状体继续发育成熟后,通过练苗移栽获得了56株单倍体植株。     

辣椒新品种川优19号的选育

川优19号是以辣椒胞质雄性不育系XH0312A为母本,恢复系2008-2-2-1C为父本配制的早中熟辣椒一代杂种。果实细长羊角形,纵径23~25 cm,横径1.4~1.6 cm,平均单果质量22 g。青熟果绿色,老熟果鲜红有光泽,味辣,果形美观,耐储运。每667 m~2产鲜红椒3 500~4 500 kg。抗TMV、CMV和疫病,适宜全国各地早春露地和保护地栽培,也可用于秋延后栽培。     

大棚苦瓜白粉病田间药效试验

开展了四氟醚唑、醚菌酯、丙环·醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵4种药剂防治大棚苦瓜白粉病的田间药效试验。试验结果表明,4种药剂均可有效控制大棚苦瓜白粉病发展,且对苦瓜安全无药害,以32%丙环·嘧菌酯悬浮剂1 500倍液防效最好,其次是4%四氟醚唑水乳剂1 000倍液、50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂2 000倍液、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂600倍液,在生产上防治时可交替使用。