论提高教师课堂教学能力的举措

为全面提高教师的教学能力,根据多年的教学实践,从备课、授课、师生互动、课后总结等环节入手,提出教师提高自身综合素质和课堂教学能力的可行性建议,为提高教师的综合教学水平提供有益参考。     

板栗良种基地营建技术研究

在江苏省溧阳市龙潭林场，进行了板优良品种的收集，良种优良，良种繁育，板栗嫩枝扦插等一系列营建技术研究，取得了明显的经济，社会效益。     

The Effect of Training on Yili Horse 1 600 m Test Results and Heart Rate Variability

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different training stages on the performance and heart rate variability(HRV) of Yili horses and to provide data for reference in the conditioning training of 1 600 m distance Yili horses.【Method】 Eight 3-year-old Yili horses (stallions) were selected as test subjects.A 3-month speed specific performance training program was conducted, and a speed test race was organized in the last week of each month of training, and HRV was collected before, immediately after, 0.5 h after, and 1 h after 1 600 m test race.Among them, the time-domain indexes included the mean of all R-R intervals (Mean RR), the standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), the mean heart rate (Mean HR), the root mean square of the difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD), the number of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms (NN50), and the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 ms to the total number of heartbeats (pNN50).Frequency domain metrics included very low frequency (VLF), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF) and nonlinear metrics:standard deviation (Y) of all R-R-spacing (SD1), standard deviation (X) of all R-R-spacing (SD2).Consequently, the variability of HRV indexes in horses at different training stages was analyzed.【Result】 The race time in the post training period in 1 600 m speed test race of Yili horses was significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05), and Mean RR, NN50 and pNN50 in the middle and post training periods were significantly lower than that in the early training period (P<0.05).Mean HR in the beginning of training was significantly lower than that in post training (P<0.05).VLF and LF in the end of training were significantly lower than that in the beginning of training (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the HRV indexes of 1 600 m test race of Yili horses in different conditioning training stages were analyzed.The outcomes demonstrated that the types of neural activity in Yili horses at the beginning, middle and end of training presented some differences, showing changes of increased sympathetic excitability and decreased parasympathetic excitability, and the horses' athletic performance improved.Therefore, HRV could be considered as an effective tool to evaluate the training load and intensity of Yili horses during training.     

秦岭松栎林带生物量及其营养元素分布特征

秦岭脱齿栎林、油松林和华山林（包括０－６０cm土层）营养元素总贮量达２９．２５００－３９０．１７３９t.hm^-2，其大小为锐齿栎林＞华山松＞油松林，土壤中营养现贮量占系统总量的９３．１０％－９９．３９％，植被层和凋落物层仅占０．５７％－３．００％和０．１０％－１．９９％；３林分乔木层生物量、木材蓄积量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为１２０．４８３t.hm^-2,129.384m^3.hm^-2和１２２６．９kg.hm^-2，锐齿栎林＞油松林＞华山松林。３林分林下植被层生物量现存量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为１．５５３t.hm^-2和５３．１kg.hm^-2，锐齿栎林最大，华山松林最小。林下凋落物现存量和营养元素积量平均值分别为１７．４７５t.hm^-2和５０２．５kg.hm^-2，３林分凋落物现存量、营养元素含量及其积累量都存在明显的差异。锐齿栎林、油松林和华山松林营养元素年吸收量、归还量、存留量和平均归还率分别为３３．４、１４７．２和２６４．３，１９５．６、６６．９和８４．１，１３８．８、８０．４和１８０．２kg.hm^-2和０．５８５、０４５４和０．３１８，３林分各营养元素的年吸收量，归还量和存留量也存在一定的差异，锐齿栎林干和皮中Ｃa和Ｍg含量远远高于油松林和华山松林的，锐齿栎林多代连作势必导致营养元素的大量流失，特别是Ｃa和Ｍg，会破坏土壤原有离子动态平衡，引起林地土壤理化性质改变，林地生产潜力逐渐下降。     

树木嫩枝角,栓质层量与抗两种星天牛的关系

应用组织化学方法测定了６３种树种嫩枝中的淀粉，蛋白质，角质，栓质，单宁含量，经与天牛成贝选择取食量进行对比分析，结果说明，枝条中角质层，栓质层厚者抗虫，含量低者感虫，可作为选择抗虫性树种的指标之一。而蛋白质和淀粉相对含量与在牛选择取食量无关。     

两种星天牛成虫对树种的选择试验

模拟自然界纯林和混交林食料环境，测验了黄斑星天牛和光肩星天牛成虫知９７种参试树种上，栖息，取食，交配等选择行为。选拔出了一批具拒避作用的树种。     

Analysis of the forest fires in the Antalya region of Turkey using the Keetch–Byram drought index

We investigated the correlation of large fires([300 ha) from 1992 to 2013 within the borders of the Antalya Regional Directorate of Forestry using the Keetch–Byram drought index(KBDI). Daily KBDI values were calculated for each year, and values for the period before the year 2000 differed significantly from those after2000. After 2000(large fires occurred in 2004, 2006, 2007,2008, 2010, and 2013), when KBDI values increased, the KBDI, but not the number of fires, was inversely correlated with the natural log of the burned area(NLBA). While there were both high and low KBDI values when the NLBA was small, only high KBDI values were associated with high NLBA values. Particularly for logarithmic values of 4 and higher, KBDI values increased in parallel with increases in NLBA values. On the basis of a Mann–Whitney U test done in addition to a Pearson correlation test, we found that when the burned areas were grouped according to small and large areas, the KBDI could be used to distinguish the two groups. Using a conditional probability analysis, we found that 4th, 5th and 6th class KBDI values may lead to large fires at the 60 % possibility.Similarly, the possibility of large fires greater than the median burned area in any given 6 years was found to be48 %. In addition, while the mean value of KBDI is 390.51 for the period from May to September for these 6 years, it is 359.93 for the other years. Consequently, the area burned also increased as the KBDI classes(Class 0: 0–99, Class 1:100–199, Class 2: 200–299, Class 3: 300–399, Class 4:400–499, Class 5: 500–599, Class 6: 600–699, and Class 7:700–800) increase.     

板栗扦插繁殖试验

从１９９２－－１９９５年扦插１６０００个插条，成活率由１９９２年的２６％提高到１９９５年的９６％。共繁殖共根苗２２３９株，移栽１０００余株，长势良好。试验认为（１）嫩枝扦插生根率高于硬枝，从实生苗母树采集的插穗经生根剂处理中生根。（２）扦插时间以５月下旬至７月中旬较适宜，６月中，一旬为最佳时间。（３）扦插基质以珍珠岩＋石砂最合适，（４）生根剂以ＰＧＣ，ＰＲＡ液态高深度速蘸法为最佳。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂防治人工感染鸡球虫病的效果试验

通过对14日龄岭南黄鸡人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊,测定国家四类新兽药癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的抗球虫作用。研究结果表明,新兽药癸氧喹酯干混悬剂按照推荐剂量0.25g/L(15mg/L)饮水给药对鸡球虫病表现出高效的抗球虫活性,具有良好的预防鸡球虫病效果,达到100%的保护率,抗球虫指数高达202.2。     

油松毛虫幼虫种群动态格局的研究

本文在以6种分布型指数测定油松毛虫(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu)幼虫种群静态空间格局的基础上,通过聚类分析,可将油松毛虫幼虫种群在上树过程中的水平格局和垂直格局聚为两类:即前期型和中后期型;其6种分布型指数可分为三类:即(1)m~*/m,C_A,I_δ;(2)入;(3)C,L。