山东菜用马铃薯全程机械化生产现状及解决方案

在分析山东省菜用马铃薯机械化生产现状的基础上，从种植模式、规模和各作业环节机具设备等方面，指出马铃薯全程机械化生产中存在的问题。通过分析这些问题，针对马铃薯的种植特点，结合现有机械化生产设备实际运行情况和多次示范经验，提出了一套合理的马铃薯全程机械化生产方案。此方案涵盖了一些关键技术要点及相应的配套设备使用方法，对扩大马铃薯种植规模，促进山东省马铃薯产业健康持续发展具有重要意义。      

弥渡县木材经营加工业现状调查及发展浅析

通过对弥渡县弥城木材市场和新街十字路木材加工厂的木材经营、加工情况进行调查,从而对弥渡县木材经营加工业现状进行了综合评价,并根据目前状况,对今后弥渡县木材经营加工业的发展作些分析,提出合理化建议.     

Intracranial arteries of New Zealand rabbits; identification,three-dimensional modelling,and morphometry by computed tomography angiography

The aim of the study was to determine identification, three-dimensional modelling, and morphometry of intracranial arteries in New Zealand Rabbit by using computed tomography angiography. A total of 20 adult New Zealand Rabbits from both sexes were used in the study. General anaesthesia procedure was followed before computed tomography angiography imaging. Rabbits were placed in a prone position for imaging. Computed tomography angiography imaging was performed by injecting contrast agent into vena auricularis marginalis of rabbits. Morphometric measurements of the specified points were taken by MIMICS program using the computed tomography angiography images acquired. Three-dimensional intracranial artery model was prepared from the two-dimensional images on the same program. Measurements were statistically compared in terms of sex and side. It was observed in the study that arteria basilaris was generated by bilateral arteria vertebralis at the basal level of medulla oblongata. In the study, a statistically significant difference was determined only in diameter values of arteria cerebri caudalis dextra et sinistra in both female and male rabbits. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was determined with respect to the side. Consequently, we think that the data of the present study will contribute to further studies on cerebrovascular pathology, clinicians or researchers.     

Nanosize of zinc oxide and the effects on zinc digestibility,growth performances,immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of nanosize zinc on zinc digestibility, growth performances, immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets. Ninety‐six LYD weanling piglets were assigned to control, zinc oxide (ZnO), organic‐Zn (Zn‐methionine) and nanosize ZnO (nano‐Zn) groups with four replicates. The zinc was at the 120 mg/kg level in the treatment group's diet, while the control group's was 80 mg/kg Zn. The experiment results indicated that the nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups had significantly higher Zn digestibility compared to the ZnO and control groups. For the immune response traits, the IgG level and goat red blood cells (GRBC) antibody titer were nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenge test result, nano‐Zn>organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in regard to the γ‐globulin level, nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO and control, with significant difference between groups. In the serum parameters aspect, serum Zn concentration in nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups were higher than in the ZnO and control groups, serum growth hormone concentration was increased in the nano‐Zn group than in the other groups. In conclusion, nanosize zinc oxide for dietary supplementation can increase zinc digestibility, serum growth hormone levels and carbonic anhydrase activity and enhance the immune response of weanling piglets.     

Sublethal effects of nine insecticides on Drosophila suzukii and its major pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae

Background

Although the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC₁₀) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host.

Results

Chlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC₁₀, the values of which were 9.78 × 10¹³ and 1.46 × 10³ times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids.

Conclusion

This study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

怎样选购牧草饲料作物

牧草饲料是发展畜牧业的物质基础.种草养畜养禽已成为农业结构调整和农牧民致富奔小康的亮点.草是水土保持的先锋,锁住风沙的屏障;种草可改土肥田,改良盐碱滩涂,整治国土;还可美化环境、净化空气、减少公害;又可养蜂、养鱼等发展空中牧业和水体牧业,促进多种经营发展,增效增收.大力种植牧草饲料作物热潮正在进一步掀起.在繁多的牧草饲料作物种类品种中如何选择,到哪去买,是农户最关心的大问题.根据我们几十年从事牧草饲料作物引种栽培利用科研经验,结合生产实践和牧草饲料作物种子销售中存在的问题,提出看法,仅供农户参考.     

An Expert System Approach to the Computer Aided Design of Intelligent Controllers

The idea for an expert system approach to the computer aided design of intelligent controllers (ESCAD1C) is discussed and the idea of two step modelling of an intelligent controller is presented on the basis of emulating human control behaviours to solve complex problems. The structure, functions and characteristics of ESCADTC system , and the design procedures of intelligent controllers are gived. The knowledge base and simulating functions for designing intelligent controllers are also described.