Modeling soil water dynamics in a drip-irrigated intercropping field under plastic mulch

Intercropping, drip irrigation, and the use of plastic mulch are important management practices, which can, when utilized simultaneously, increase crop production and save irrigation water. Investigating soil water dynamics in the root zone of the intercropping field under such conditions is essential in order to understand the combined effects of these practices and to promote their wider use. However, not much work has been done to investigate soil water dynamics in the root zone of drip-irrigated, strip intercropping fields under plastic mulch. Three field experiments with different irrigation treatments (high T1, moderate T2, and low T3) were conducted to evaluate soil water contents (SWC) at different locations, for different irrigation treatments, and with respect to dripper lines and plants (corn and tomatoes). Experimental data were then used to calibrate the HYDRUS (2D/3D) model. Comparison between experimental data and model simulations showed that HYDRUS (2D/3D) described different irrigation events and SWC in the root zone well, with average relative errors of 10.8, 9.5, and 11.6 % for irrigation treatments T1, T2, and T3, respectively, and with corresponding root mean square errors of 0.043, 0.035, and 0.040 cm³ cm^?3, respectively. The results showed that the SWC in the shallow root zone (0–40 cm) was lower under non-mulched locations than under mulched locations, irrespective of the irrigation treatment, while no significant differences in the SWC were observed in the deeper root zone (40–100 cm). The SWC in the shallow root zone was significantly higher for the high irrigation treatment (T1) than for the low irrigation treatment, while, again, no differences were observed in the deeper root zone. Simulations of two-dimensional SWC distributions revealed that the low irrigation treatment (T3) produced serious severe water stress (with SWCs near the wilting point) in the 30–40 cm part of the root zone, and that using separate drip emitter lines for each crop is well suited for producing the optimal soil water distribution pattern in the root zone of the intercropping field. The results of this study can be very useful in designing an optimal irrigation plan for intercropped fields.     

物料状态对圆筒式短茎秆清理装置性能的影响

以喂入量和含杂率为试验因素，研究了圆筒式短茎秆清理装置的分离性能，分析了该装置沿长度方向的分离规律，给出了使用中的长度确定原则。     

液压悬挂试验的加载误差及其补偿

通过对下支点固定式油缸加载工况下拖拉机液压悬挂装置的受力分析，推导出这种国内外常用试验台设计方案的加载误差，并给出试验数据的修正方法以补偿该项误差的影响。     

精密滴灌灌水器注塑工艺模拟与优化

通过正交优化试验设计,以注塑工艺模拟代替实物进行试验,研究了注塑工艺参数对LDPE材料灌水器制品收缩率的影响。模拟确定了各工艺参数对制品收缩率及收缩率变化的影响度,并优化取得了最佳的注塑工艺参数。在模拟结果的基础上一次试模成功,灌水器制品的流道部分精度达到±0.01mm。     

因地制宜发展安徽节水灌溉

分析了当前灌溉工作中存在的一些问题，提出了发展节水灌溉要遵循的原则，阐述了安徽省不同地区发展节水灌溉的指导思想和主要措施。     

水稻灌溉效益分摊系数试验研究

通过试验方法，选择不同的降雨年型，系统地分析了淠史杭灌区不同降雨年型的灌溉增产率，灌溉效益扮摊系数；找出了水稻灌溉效益分摊系数与水稻生育期降雨量，灌水量之间的经验公式，对本地区及气候条件相似地区具有一定的参考价值。     

秋水仙碱处理油菜离体小孢子的染色体加倍效应

用秋水仙碱对52份甘蓝型油菜品系（种）和它们的杂种离体小孢子的单倍体二倍化技术进行了研究。从花药中分离出的单核晚期小孢子接种在含10－800mg/L秋水仙碱的NLN液体培养基中处理16－90h后转入无秋水仙碱的相同培养基诱导胚状体。结果表明，用10mg/L秋水仙碱处理小孢子48h，10份材料的双单倍体植株变幅为37.10%-90.12%，平均为65.44%。50mg/L处理48h的8份材料是48.72%-97.81%，平均88.86%。100－800mg/L处理16－48h的试验，多数加倍率在90％－100％之间。但该处理药用量大，费用高，而且对小孢子毒性大，胚状体再生率低。试验还表明，秋水仙碱处理小孢子诱导的二倍体植株所产生的花一般均能结籽，带有不孕花的嵌合植株极少。用秋水碱处理水孢子再生的植株的根或芽所产生的二倍体植株多是可孕和不孕花共生的嵌合植株，自交后产生的单株种子很少，难以达到遗传和育种所需的群体量。     

湖北白猪Ⅲ系公猪繁殖特性的初步探讨

对湖北白猪Ⅲ系公猪的繁殖特性进行较系统的研究表明:小公猪初次出现性爬跨并伸出阴茎的日龄为98天,体重37公斤;第一次采得精液的日龄为130天、体重49公斤。最早能使母猪怀孕的日龄为150～155天、体重62～65公斤。从90日龄开始,睾丸和副睾指数迅速增加,180日龄时达高峰。120日龄时睾丸曲细精管中出现较多的精子,副睾管中有少量的精子。血液中睾酮含量从75日龄至165日龄上升很快,在165日龄时达856ng/100ml。240日龄的精液质量接近成年公猪的水平,从而认为湖Ⅲ公猪在120日龄进入初情期;150日龄进入性成熟期;初配期可在240～270日龄。     

复合硅改性热处理杨木的制备及性能

[目的]针对木材树脂改性剂释放甲醛不环保,无机改性材吸湿性高等问题,将廉价易得的硅石粉溶液化,再有机杂化,制得高渗透、环保、防火的水溶性木材复合硅改性剂,通过真空加压浸渍处理和热处理联合改性,可以有效提高木材的物理力学和阻燃等性能.[方法]分别制备硅油复合硅改性剂(SC2)和偶联剂杂化硅改性剂(HS2),对人工林杨木进...     

油菜秸秆饲料化潜力及展望

为了研究油菜秸秆饲料化利用技术,综述了国内外近30年对油菜秸秆的研究,发现油菜秸秆粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量较高,饲用潜力大,但油菜秸秆因其木质化程度高、适口性差在实际生产中难以饲喂而存在大量丢弃、焚烧的情况。有关油菜秸秆饲料化技术的研究还存在不足,油菜秸秆饲用的限制因素难以得到解决,因此,今后还需研究如何改善油菜秸秆的适口性以增加动物的采食量,提高油菜秸秆的利用效率。本研究从油菜秸秆的饲用潜力出发,探讨了限制油菜秸秆饲用的因素,综述了目前已有的氨化、青贮、微贮等油菜秸秆饲料化技术,分析了不同技术的优缺点,并进一步提出了未来油菜秸秆饲料化有可能的研究方向。