草地早熟禾品种在北京地区对褐斑病的抗性评价

采用田间目测法对草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）31个品种的抗病性进行评价。结果表明,不同品种（系）对褐斑病（Rhizoctonia solani）的抗性有较明显差异,抗病程度分别从高感到高抗,其中有9个品种的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值均在0.70～1.00,属褐斑病高抗;有6个的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值在0.50～0.70,属于褐斑病中抗;有1个的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值在0.30～0.50,属褐斑病感病;有9个的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值在0.10～0.30,属褐斑病中感;有3个的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值在0.10以下,属褐斑病高感;有3个品种由于评价结果不一致尚不确定其抗病等级。     

人工草地施肥技术的研究

试验结果表明,沙壤土碱草地上,施氮肥比施氮磷肥混施或施复合肥增产效果显著。而氮肥中又以施硝酸铵效果最好。667m2施硝酸铵10kg时增产甘草50．0kg,比对照增产76．8％,施肥时期以6月5日和6月20日效果较好,分别增产0．8％和72．3％。草地施肥不仅要考虑土壤、植被、产草量、肥料种类、施肥时期及牧草的生长发育阶段,还要注意水分条件,一般在降雨后或施肥后灌水最好。     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy piglets

A study on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in piglets was conducted after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administrations of 2.0 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Plasma concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography assay with UV detector at 268‐nm wavelength. Plasma concentration–time data after i.v. administration were best fit by a two‐compartment model. The pharmacokinetic values were distribution half‐life 0.27 ± 0.21 h, elimination half‐life 1.85 ± 1.11 h, total body clearance 0.26 ± 0.08 L/kg·h, area under curve 8.07 ± 1.91 μg·h/mL and volume of distribution at steady state 0.46 ± 0.10 L/kg. Plasma concentration–time data after i.m. administration were also best fit by a two‐compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were distribution half‐life 0.88 ± 0.42 h, elimination half‐life 4.36 ± 2.35 h, peak concentration 4.01 ± 0.57 μg/mL and bioavailability 95.13 ± 9.93%.     

茧层量差异家蚕品种后部丝腺细胞和血液组织的蛋白质表达谱分析

为了研究家蚕茧层量性状的分子调控机制,采用蛋白质双向电泳和图像分析技术,分析了遗传背景基本相同,而结茧性状和茧层量具有明显差异的正常茧、薄皮茧、裸蛹3个家蚕品种的丝腺细胞和血液组织的蛋白质表达与茧层量的关系。结果表明:裸蛹品种的丝腺细胞蛋白斑点与正常茧品种的蛋白斑点的匹配率仅在65%左右,且存在35%左右的特异蛋白斑点,暗示裸蛹性状可能是主效基因控制的微效多基因遗传;3个品种后部丝腺细胞特异蛋白斑点、匹配蛋白斑点按等电点划分的分布规律具有明显差异,而血液组织相应的分布规律非常相似,暗示丝腺细胞中的蛋白及其基因对家蚕茧层量性状的作用要大于血液组织中的蛋白及其基因;正常茧、薄皮茧和裸蛹3个品种后部丝腺细胞中特异蛋白斑点及上调和下调蛋白斑点中,可能分别存在着与家蚕高茧层量性状、结薄皮茧性状以及不结茧性状有关的蛋白质。     

肉牛对不同物理性状的玉米秸饲料利用效果的研究

为研究肉牛对不同玉米秸杆产品的利用情况,选18月龄西门塔尔牛与当地黄牛的F136头,分别用铡碎、揉碎、揉碎压捆、制粒、压块和挤压成棒状的六种玉米秸秆饲料进行了肉牛饲养试验和消化试验.结果秸秆采食量以后三种加工处理的秸秆为最高,铡碎为最低,揉碎和揉碎压捆居中;日粮表现消化率以秸秆颗粒型日粮最低,其他几种秸秆型日粮差异不大;肉牛增重以应用秸秆饲料块和秸秆饲料棒的肉牛增重效果最好,铡碎秸秆最差,揉碎和揉碎压捆居中.除铡碎型外,其他几种玉米秸杆饲料用于育肥牛均可取得较好的增重效果.     

Exogenous DNA Uptake of Boar Spermatozoa by a Magnetic Nanoparticle Vector System

The sperm‐mediated gene transfer method is applicable to transgenesis in many species that use spermatozoa for reproduction recently, which has been shown various results. In the current study, we show that transgenic porcine embryos can be efficiently produced by employing a simple transfection method that uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The complexes formed between plasmid DNA and MNPs were bounded on ejaculated boar spermatozoa at a higher efficiency compared to methods using DNA alone or lipofection. Using confocal microscopy, rhodamine fluorophore‐labelled MNPs were detected on external surfaces of the spermatozoa membrane, which were bounded on zona pellucida of in vitro maturated oocyte during in vitro fertilization. Electron microscopy revealed that clusters of MNPs were detected in inside of plasma membrane and nucleus of the spermatozoa head. Additionally, we found that magnetofected boar spermatozoa could be fertilized with oocytes in vitro and that the resulting gene of green fluorescent protein was detected in fertilized eggs by genomic PCR analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that MNPs can be used to efficiently introduce a transgene into embryo via spermatozoa.     

鸡白介素18成熟蛋白的发酵工艺及其对新城疫疫苗的免疫增强作用

为探讨重组鸡白介素18（mChIL-18）毕赤酵母工程菌在5L发酵罐中大规模发酵的工艺及其对新城疫疫苗的免疫增强作用,复苏工程菌GS115/pPIC9K-mChIL-18于YPD培养基,在其D600值达到5.2左右时转入发酵罐中,采用分批补料方式对毕赤酵母工程菌进行高密度发酵。控制和优化各种发酵条件,经历84h结束发酵。将发酵液离心,用6×His镍柱对上清中的表达产物进行纯化,并将纯化后的mChIL-18用脂质体包被后和新城疫疫苗一起对鸡群免疫。结果显示,毕赤酵母工程菌在5L发酵罐采用甲醇诱导补料批式发酵,在pH5.5,溶氧值20%～30%,温度28℃,诱导72h,mChIL-18的表达产量为560mg/L,发酵上清经纯化后纯度可达70%以上;用0.2mL的mChIL-18脂质体能够显著增强机体的免疫力,其中HI抗体效价和淋巴细胞亚群CD4＋、CD8＋含量均显著高于对照组。这表明mChIL-18毕赤酵母工程菌在5L发酵罐高密度发酵成功,并能显著增强新城疫疫苗的免疫效果,为IL-18在生产实践得到更好的应用奠定了基础。     

EFFECTS OF ANESTHETIC PROTOCOL ON NORMAL CANINE BRAIN UPTAKE OF 18F‐FDG ASSESSED BY PET/CT

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of four anesthetic protocols on normal canine brain uptake of 2‐deoxy‐2‐[¹⁸F]fluoro‐d ‐glucose (FDG) using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Five clinically normal beagle dogs were anesthetized with (1) propofol/isoflurane, (2) medetomidine/pentobarbital, (3) xylazine/ketamine, and (4) medetomidine/tiletamine–zolazepam in a randomized cross‐over design. The standard uptake value (SUV) of FDG was obtained in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, cerebellum, brainstem and whole brain, and compared within and between anesthetic protocols using the Friedman test with significance set at P<0.05. Significant differences in SUVs were observed in various part of the brain associated with each anesthetic protocol. The SUV for the frontal and occipital lobes was significantly higher than in the brainstem in all dogs. Dogs receiving medetomidine/tiletamine–zolazepam also had significantly higher whole brain SUVs than the propofol/isoflurane group. We concluded that each anesthetic protocol exerted a different regional brain glucose uptake pattern. As a result, when comparing brain glucose uptake using PET/CT, one should consider the effects of anesthetic protocols on different regions of the glucose uptake in the dog's brain.     

蛋鸡的光照管理

1光照对蛋鸡的作用原理光照对鸡的作用有两个方面:①促进生殖腺多种激素的作用;②通过光照周期循环作用使鸡体内所有机能的固有节律与明暗同步。就是说,光照对鸡的作用是同步信号作用和刺激作用。刺激作用的效果表现为开产日龄的控制和产蛋率的变化;而同步信号作用效果则表现为对排卵和产蛋时间的制约。     

覆膜垄沟集雨种植对老芒麦高度和密度的影响

研究了北方农牧交错区垄沟集雨种植措施对老芒麦Elymus sibiricus生长发育的影响。覆膜垄沟集雨种植可以使有限降雨在沟内富集累加,垄面径流效率达到80%左右。老芒麦2008和2009年营养生长阶段,处理间高度差异显著。2008年处理1和CK相比,株高提高33.5%~61.3%;处理2和CK相比,株高提高20.1%~44.1%,处理1与处理2相比,株高提高9.2%~16.2%。2009年处理1与CK相比,株高提高93.2%~116.4%;处理2与CK相比,株高提高65.4%~82.3%;处理1与处理2相比,株高提高12.1%~19.4%。处理1、处理2与CK三者在密度方面差异不尽相同,总体表现出处理2和处理1老芒麦密度高于CK,2008年密度动态变化和单株分蘖数变化保持一致,2009年返青后,呈现出整体略微下降趋势,趋于稳定。