猪卵巢发育的组织学观察及磷酸二酯酶3A的表达研究

为研究母猪卵巢在不同发育阶段的组织学变化规律和探讨磷酸二酯酶3A(PDE3A)在卵巢发生发育和成熟过程中的生物学意义,选用二花脸母猪胎90日龄及1日龄、20日龄、120日龄和180日龄的母猪卵巢进行组织学观察,并利用RT-PCR检测PDE3A mRNA的表达情况。结果显示:胎90日龄主要由原始卵泡组成;1日龄、20日龄、120日龄卵巢内特征发育明显;180日龄卵巢内的形态特点与120日龄相似。卵巢PDE3A mRNA表达水平在20日龄时与其他各个阶段相比显著降低。提示:PDE3A在猪从原始卵泡募集到初级卵泡形成过程中可能具有生物学作用。     

嘉庚蛸雄性生殖系统组织学观察

应用组织切片技术对浙江沿海自然分布的嘉庚蛸雄性生殖系统的结构变化进行了逐月研究,结果发现,雄性生殖系统由单个精巢、输精管、储精囊、前列腺、精荚囊和阴茎等6部分构成。精巢球形,辐射型精巢,精原细胞椭圆或近圆形,直径10～16μm,精子细胞经过椭圆形梭型柳叶型长棒型的变态期,成为鞭毛型精子,精子头部细长等粗棍状,长约26～33μm,尾部长度约为头部的16倍。输精管长约13～16cm,是雄性生殖系统中最细长的管道。储精囊长约5～8cm,可分为储精管和腺体2部分。前列腺与储精囊相接共同开口于精荚囊腔,中空盲管状,4.8～5.6cm。精荚囊分为2部分,一侧为叶脉状规则褶皱突起围成的腺体腔,称之为囊内腺,另一侧突起少,个体大、不规则,树枝状。阴茎短,仅2～3cm,生殖孔开口于胴体左侧外套腔的中部。储精囊、前列腺和精荚囊中均存在着具有分泌功能的上皮构成的腺体腔,它们在精荚成熟装配过程中发挥着不可取代的作用。阴茎中段的阴茎囊呈镜面倒卜型,它不仅是分泌性的腺体腔,而且还是精荚排出过程中的反转场所。     

Ca对AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的影响

采用添加填充材料的CO2激光焊接工艺对AZ31镁合金薄板进行焊接,研究了不同Ca含量对焊缝金属的显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明：当激光功率为1 500 W,焊接速度为3 m/min时, AZ31镁合金CO2激光焊接的焊缝金属中添加一定量的σCa＜0.19%元素,可以得到成分相对较均匀、组织细小的焊缝.当填充带材为AZC04(焊缝中σCa=0.19%)时,焊缝区晶粒相对细小,析出相细小弥散,此时焊接接头的力学性能最优,焊接效率基本可达到100%.     

紫苏种子油成分自然变异的研究

对山西省内12份野生紫苏种子含油量及脂肪酸的组成成分进行了测定分析,结果表明,各样品的含油量介于30.83%～32.76%之间,样品间没有明显差异;通过气相色谱法测定分析,紫苏籽油中脂肪酸由软脂酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、花生烯酸等组成,不饱和脂肪酸含量约占脂肪酸总量的90%以上,其中亚麻酸含量介于57.8%～62.1%之间,油酸含量介于20.2%～23.6%之间。表明紫苏籽油是一种极具开发潜力的营养保健油。     

籼稻背景下导入Wx~(in)等位基因改良稻米食味和理化品质

水稻Wx~b等位基因已广泛用于籼稻的品质改良,但携带该等位基因的一些籼稻米饭往往偏软,仍需进一步改良。为明确籼稻背景下导入Wxin等位基因对稻米食味品质和理化品质的效应,分别以携带Wxin的IR64和携带Wx~b的9311为供体,以携带Wxa的籼稻SIR3611 (3611)为受体,基于分子标记辅助选择,通过杂交和连续回交的方式构建了3611背景下携带Wxin和Wx~b的近等基因系。系统比较了不同近等基因系间的农艺性状以及稻米的食味和理化品质。结果表明,近等基因系与受体亲本3611的主要农艺性状基本接近,无显著差异。NIL(Wxin)稻米的表观直链淀粉含量较亲本3611极显著下降而胶稠度极显著增加。NIL(Wx~b)稻米表观直链淀粉含量最低且与之对应的胶稠度最高。近等基因系NIL(Wxin)和NIL(Wx~b)稻米的食味值较亲本极显著提高。NIL(Wx~(in))和NIL(Wx~b)稻米的GBSSI丰度与对应的表观直链淀粉含量具有明显的正相关。稻米粉的黏滞性谱、热糊化特性和晶体结构与直链淀粉含量显著相关性。本研究为在我国籼稻品种品质改良中有效利用Wxin等位基因提供了重要依据。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

PPAR基因在鹅肥肝形成中的可调节性表达

【目的】为了探讨填饲前和填饲后鹅PPAR的表达规律,测定心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、肌胃、十二指肠、全脑、胸肌、腿肌和腹脂中RT-PCR产物量,分析该基因表达量对肥肝重和腹脂重的影响。【方法】通过测定填饲前和填饲后鹅的各组织中PPAR的RT-PCR产物量,以GAPDH为参考,用Quantity One软件分析吸光值。【结果】填饲前鹅组织中PPAR-α表达量普遍较高;填饲后PPAR-α表达量在肺脏中显著增加,在腹脂中也有表达,在其它组织中表达量均下降。填饲前鹅组织中PPAR-γ表达量在肝脏、脾脏、肺、十二指肠和腹脂中较高,在其它组织中较低,填饲后PPAR-γ表达量在心脏、脾脏、肺、肌胃、肾脏中升高,在腹脂中下降,在其它组织中基本持平。【结论】PPAR的表达具有组织特异性,而且PPAR-α和PPAR-γ变化不一致,这可能与不同组织中PPAR亚型的功能差异性相适应的。     

几种高粱属饲料作物的栽培利用试验

以11种高粱属（Sorghum）饲料作物为研究对象,通过栽培试验,对其物候期、鲜草产量、干草产量、种子产量及营养成分进行了分析．结果表明,在黄土高原山坡旱地,最适宜栽培利用的是饲用高粱（Sorghum bicolor L Moench．）,其次为甜高粱（Sorghum bicolor L．Mocnch var．sucharafum Kouern）和高丹草（Sorghum bilor L．Mocnch var．Sorghum subanense（Piper）Stapf）;最好的品种是酒引1号,其次为德瑞、丽欧和瑞奥3号．     

CMV侵染胁迫下黄瓜重要功能基因表达及代谢响应的研究

【目的】研究黄瓜花叶病毒病（CMV）侵染胁迫下黄瓜重要功能基因表达和代谢途径响应。【方法】在结合气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数及抗性相关酶活性测定的基础上, 应用农业部园艺植物生长发育与品质调控重点开放实验室自主开发的黄瓜cDNA芯片研究黄瓜在CMV侵染胁迫下的基因表达谱变化,并对其中5个具有代表性的基因通过实时荧光定量PCR（QRT—PCR）进行检测,以验证cDNA芯片杂交结果的可靠性。【结果】共获得67个差异表达显著的基因,其中42个基因下调表达,25个基因上调表达。这些差异表达的基因涉及了许多重要代谢途径。许多与光合作用、氮同化相关的基因受到明显的抑制;而一些防御相关基因和信号传导相关基因则诱导表达;同时,也发现了一些与CMV胁迫相关的功能未知基因或未有任何功能信息的基因。【结论】CMV胁迫引发了黄瓜代谢发生一系列复杂的适应性变化,PR1-1a等基因可能在黄瓜防御CMV侵染过程发挥着重要作用。     

苏丹草农杆菌介导法基因转化条件

以苏丹草幼穗诱导产生的胚性愈伤组织为材料,比较了抗生素羧苄青霉素、头孢霉素及筛选剂卡那霉素对愈伤组织生长、绿芽分化和绿苗生长的影响.结果表明:500 mg/L的羧苄青霉素对愈伤组织生长的影响与对照差异不明显,可提高愈伤组织绿苗分化率;500 mg/L的头孢霉素明显抑制愈伤组织的生长,对分化影响不大;愈伤组织生长期筛选剂卡那霉素浓度为75 mg/L时,愈伤组织的褐化率达到100%;愈伤组织分化期,卡那霉素浓度为10 mg/L时,绿芽能分化成幼苗,所有幼苗的心叶白化、生长速度与对照无差异.培养基中添加500 mg/L的羧苄青霉素、经农杆菌侵染和15 mg/L卡那霉素筛选获得再生植株,经PCR检测,初步证明NPTⅡ选择标记基因已整合到部分转化植株的基因组中.