菜用甘薯新品种薯绿1号的选育

薯绿1号(原名徐菜薯1号)是以台农71为母本,以广薯菜2号为父本,通过定向有性杂交选育而成的菜用甘薯专用新品种。株型半直立,分枝多,叶片心形,顶叶黄绿色,叶基色和茎色均为绿色。薯块纺锤形,白皮白肉。茎尖无茸毛,烫后颜色翠绿至绿色,无苦涩味,微甜,有滑腻感,食味好。高抗茎线虫病,抗蔓割病。在国家区域试验3个月时间内每667m2产量1800kg左右,如在保护地条件下可周年生产,每667m2产量在5000kg以上。适合江苏、山东、河南、浙江、四川、广东、福建、海南等适宜地区作叶菜种植。     

Inhibitory effect of AuNPs-Endostar on melanoma lung metastasis in mice

AIM: To observe the influence of gold nanoparticles combined with Endostar (AuNPs-Endostar) on the melanoma lung metastasis of mice and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice (n=24) were selected for constructing the model of spontaneous lung metastasis of melanoma B16-F10 cells. Subsequently, the mice were randomly divided into Endostar group, AuNPs group, AuNPs-Endostar group and model group. After the formation of melanoma, the mice in each group were injected with different drugs through tail vein for 0.1 mL daily. After 9 d, the mice were narcotized for cutting the tumors in situ. After the operation, they were raised for 2 weeks before killed for obtaining the lung tissues to observe the situation of the metastasis. HE staining was utilized for observing the necrosis status of the tumors in situ, while immunostaining was applied for testing the expression of CD31, carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX), vimentin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the tumors. RESULTS: Compared with model group, the pulmonary metastasis in the groups with medical treatment was obviously reduced. In AuNPs-Endostar group, the metastasis inhibition rate was the highest, and the tumor necrosis was also decreased obviously, with the significant reduction of CD31, CA-IX and vimentin expression in the tumors and significant increase in ZO-1 expression. CONCLUSION: Compared with using Endostar or AuNPs alone, the combination of AuNPs with Endostar significantly improves the curative effect of inhibiting the pulmonary metastasis of melanoma in the mice. The mechanism may be related to reducing the tumor angiogenesis, norma-lizing the blood vessels and improving tumor hypoxia, thus inhibiting the tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increasing the tight junctions between tumor cells and decreasing the invasiveness.     

春早熟甘蓝新品种‘张甘40’

‘张甘40’是以雄性不育系‘M0105-7’(保持系‘8513-1-2’)为母本,以‘F07013-5’为父本配制而成的甘蓝新品种,成熟期60 d左右。开展度56.08 cm,外叶9~11片,蜡质轻,单球质量1.6~2.4 kg,叶球高17.0 cm,叶球宽14.0 cm,产量75 000~85 500 kg·hm~(-2)。圆球,中心柱7.0 cm,成熟球外包绿叶2~3层,根茎高3.0 cm。口感脆甜。耐裂球,耐抽苔,适合冀北高寒地区春秋两季露地栽培。     

观赏荷花新品种‘首领’

‘首领’是从观赏荷花‘钗头凤’芽变中选出的新品种,重台,小株型。立叶高20~30 cm,叶径13.5~26.5 cm×11~20 cm。花色为复色,花瓣外被18~22枚,内被122~140枚,花冠直径15.0~17.5 cm。着花密度较高,7~13朵·m~(-2)。     

覆盖紫花苜蓿对采煤沉陷区植物生长和土壤化学生物性状的影响

以神东矿区采煤沉陷地种植的复垦植物(野樱桃、文冠果、欧李和山杏)为试材,采用野外原位监测方法,研究覆盖紫花苜蓿和未覆盖处理(对照,CK)对植物生长及土壤化学和生物性状的影响。结果表明:覆盖紫花苜蓿处理的野樱桃、文冠果、欧李和山杏苗木地上部干质量比未覆盖处理显著增加31.7%~54.6%,根干质量增加25.6%~41.0%;同样地,植物成活率和叶色值分别增加到85%和32.0以上,显著高于对照;覆盖处理的土壤碱解氮、有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量增幅较对照分别达到12.5%~17.9%、14.0%~17.8%、14.0%~23.2%、13.6%~28.4%,差异显著;土壤酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性分别比对照显著提高36.4%~41.6%、21.8%~51.2%、33.6%~44.7%、20.5%~39.9%。因此,覆盖紫花苜蓿有利于改善神东采煤沉陷区复垦植物生长、提高土壤化学和生物学性状水平,为矿区生态恢复提供依据。     

NaCl胁迫对软枣猕猴桃幼苗生长发育的影响

以软枣猕猴桃幼苗为试材,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理对其幼苗生长发育及各项酶活性指标的影响。结果表明:软枣猕猴桃幼苗的株高、根长、株质量、根质量、胚轴长、胚轴质量均随NaCl胁迫浓度的升高而下降;过氧化物酶(POD)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,均随NaCl胁迫浓度的增大而增大,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量则随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增大而降低。     

创意农业的全产业链发展模式分析

我国创意农业正呈蓬勃发展之势,但面临如何优化升级的困境。立足产业链内在运行机制和外在产业绩效,归纳总结了4种典型的全产业链发展模式,即以农业生产园区为核心的发展模式、以休闲农庄为核心的发展模式、以产业集群为核心的发展模式和以多功能综合体为核心的发展模式。4种创意农业的全产业链发展模式存在各自优势和不足。对创意农业全产业链发展模式进行优化,关键在于创意方法的选择与应用、优势环节的培育与塑造、多种资源的集聚与融合、多样休闲旅游产品的开发。     

滑子蘑多糖的抗肿瘤、抑菌活性及保湿特性

以滑子蘑菌丝体为试材,利用热水浸提法提取多糖,采用体外细胞试验、琼脂凹环法,检测了滑子蘑多糖的抗肿瘤、抑菌活性,并研究了多糖的保湿特性,以期为滑子蘑多糖的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:与空白试验组相比,滑子蘑多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞Ana-1的促增长率为48.65%,对胃癌细胞HGC-27的增殖抑制率为58.21%,对乳腺癌细胞BT-549的增殖抑制率为76.83%,对宫颈癌细胞Hela-229的增殖抑制率为63.57%;滑子蘑多糖对革兰氏阴性菌大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌及革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用,且随着浓度的升高,抑制性增强;在30℃、RH 45%的恒温恒湿条件下,保湿性大小顺序为壳聚糖透明质酸山梨醇滑子蘑多糖甘油,在30℃、RH 80%的恒温恒湿条件下,保湿性大小顺序为透明质酸山梨醇壳聚糖滑子蘑多糖甘油,2种条件下滑子蘑多糖的保湿率都高于甘油,说明滑子蘑多糖有较好的保湿性。     

石膏添加量对平菇熟料栽培的影响

以平菇"新831"为试材,采用棉籽壳熟料栽培的方法,研究0%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%6种石膏添加量对平菇生长发育、污染率和生物学效率的影响,从而确定平菇熟料栽培的最适石膏添加量。结果表明:菌丝长势随石膏添加量增加而减弱;菌丝长速随石膏添加量增加呈先升后降的趋势,石膏添加量为3%时,菌丝长速最快;添加石膏可显著降低菌袋污染率;平菇生物学效率随石膏添加量增加呈先升后降趋势,石膏添加量为1%时,平菇生物学效率最高。综合各项指标得出,棉籽壳熟料栽培平菇石膏的最适添加量为1%。     

转色期叶果比对“北红”葡萄果实转化酶活性及果实品质的影响

为了提高贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的果实品质,该试验以酿酒葡萄"北红"为试材,在转色期通过调节叶果比(叶面积∶果粒数,32∶1(CK)、24∶1、16∶1、8∶1),研究了不同叶果比对葡萄果实糖代谢相关酶活性和果实品质的影响。结果表明:转色初期降低叶果比能影响"北红"葡萄果实中转化酶活性和糖分的含量,24∶1处理果实中转化酶和腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)活性显著高于CK,可溶性糖含量也显著提高,采收时其果实品质显著高于CK。处理过程中,8∶1处理果实中转化酶活性和糖分含量显著低于CK,采收时果实品质也显著低于CK。因此,在转色期,适宜调节叶果比可以通过调节果实中糖分积累相关酶活性调控糖分的积累,使采收期葡萄果实的品质显著提高。