基于柔性夹持的青菜头收获机设计与试验

为解决西南丘陵山地青菜头机械化收获问题,结合青菜头生物特性和农艺要求,设计了一种具有柔性夹持功能的小型青菜头收获机。阐述了整机结构与工作原理,并对样机关键部件进行了结构设计和理论分析,柔性夹持装置初始间隙为60mm,最大允许通过青菜头直径为150mm,分析得到夹持输送带速度为0.37m/s、所需最大夹持力为38.04N;对割台架的仿地形能力和结构动力特性进行了分析,可得该结构允许地形起伏度为50mm,在安装割刀位置振幅最大,前5阶固有频率为115.63~783.60Hz,远大于发动机和地形产生的激励频率,因此不会发生共振现象。田间试验结果表明,切割及夹持输送机构运行平稳、振动小、切割有力、夹持力度适中;切割成功率为89.5%,青菜头损伤率为10.8%,实际工作效率为0.035hm2/h,各项性能指标基本满足设计和农艺技术要求。     

果园除草机研究现状与发展趋势

果园杂草是影响果树产量、果实品质的重要因素。重点阐述了典型果园除草机械的国内外研究现状,分析了典型果园除草机械的结构特点、工作原理和适用范围等,并指出目前我国果园除草机械化存在的问题和发展趋势,为我国果园全程全面机械化的发展提供参考。      

青花椒采收机环切式穗枝分离装置设计与试验

青花椒采收过程中,果皮上散生多数突起的油苞极易破裂导致果实干后变黑,有效成分挥发而严重影响质量。青花椒的油苞破损程度直接影响其品质,在保证花椒低油苞破损率的前提下,为实现花椒机械化采收,基于枝条环切原理,设计了一种花椒采收机的穗枝分离装置。通过理论分析得到影响采收效果的结构参数和作业参数,并根据花椒枝条物理特性和加工经济性进行优化。选取环切式穗枝分离装置的环切刀刃口角度、环切刀转速和枝条进给速度为试验因素,以花椒采收效率和油苞破损率作为评价指标,进行了单因素试验及二次正交旋转组合试验。采用响应曲面法对试验结果进行分析并找出主控因素,运用Design-Expert软件的多目标优化算法进行参数优化。结果表明,枝条进给速度是影响花椒采收效率和油苞破损率的主要因素,枝条进给速度与花椒采收效率成正比关系。各因素对花椒采收效率和油苞破损率的影响程度由大到小依次为枝条进给速度＞环切刀转速＞环切刀刃口角度。随着枝条进给速度的增加,花椒采收效率迅速提高,花椒油苞破损率先缓慢增加后急剧增加。随着环切刀转速的增加,花椒采收效率并无明显增加,在枝条进给速度＜0.4 m/s时,花椒油苞破损率随环切刀转速增加先小幅减小后趋于平稳最后小幅增加,在枝条进给速度＞0.4 m/s时,花椒油苞破损率随环切刀转速增加平稳减小。该装置最优参数组合:环切刀转速2 800 r/min,枝条进给速度0.45 m/s,环切刀刃口角度25°。样机田间试验表明,花椒采收效率和油苞破损率分别为50.7 kg/h和6.7%,优于目前人工采摘作业效果。      

Abnormalities of miR-21 expression in human breast cancer is associated with distinctive pathologic features and shortened postoperative survival

AIM: To investigate the potential relevance of miR-21 expression level to clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. METHODS: 113 BRCA cases with more then 5 years fallow-up data were selected. Total RNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of 113 breast cancer (BRCA) and normal adjacent tissues (NATs) were isolated for miR-21 quantitative analysis by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: The miR-21 expression levels in BRCA were significantly higher than those in NATs (P<0.01) with average up-regulated level of 1.74 ± 0.48. Interestingly, high level expression of miR-21 was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), and shorter survival of the patients ［hazard ratio (HR)=5.476, P<0.01］. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-21 was one of independent prognostic impacts (HR=4.133, P<0.01) on BRCA. CONCLUSION: Over-expression of miR-21 is associated with poor prognosis of BRCA and may serve as an independent prognostic marker for BRCA.     

黄瓜新品种"吉杂迷你一号"的选育

"吉杂迷你一号"黄瓜是以欧引4-1-1-1-1为母本,以自交系S1-1-4-2为父本配制而成的华南型黄瓜一代杂种.植株生长势强,以主蔓结瓜为主,全株雌性,节成性强,结瓜数多,果实商品性状优良,短棒状,果长14～16 cm,单瓜重50～80 g,果腔小,果皮深绿色,有光泽,品质好,无刺无棱基本无果粉,果型整齐一致,品质好,肉质细脆,微甜有香气,1 hm2产量10万kg.适宜春、秋大棚和日光温室栽培.     

武陵山脉七曜山区大型真菌资源调查

报道了武陵山脉七曜山区大型真菌资源126种,其中食、药用菌105种、毒菌7种,隶属于2亚门9目30科61属.调查发现,该地区大型真菌种类分布于阔叶林中有74种, 针阔混交林中有39种,针叶林中有35种,灌木林中有17种.已调查的大型真菌资源中有外生菌根菌69种,木生菌32种.-     

水轮机组振动故障诊断和试验研究

振动故障严重影响水轮机组的正常运行和发电效益,要清除振动故障,必须认清振动的原因,找准振源。从机械、水力、电气等三个方面分析了引起水轮机组振动的主要原因及特征。介绍了转速、励磁和负荷试验在水轮机振动故障诊断中的应用,通过分析某电站现场振动试验中各部位振动及水压脉动的幅值随机组运行工况变化的规律,找出了引起该机组振动的原因和处理方法,具体说明了试验法在水轮机组振动故障诊断和处理中的应用。     

Effect of dietary supplemental l‐carnitine on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status in juvenile black sea bream,Sparus macrocephalus

Effects of dietary l ‐carnitine were studied in juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus). The semipurified basal diet [crude protein 450 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM); crude lipid 126 g kg^?1 DM] was formulated to choose white fishmeal as the protein source and fish oil plus corn oil (1 : 1) as the lipid source. Six diets (control + diets 1–5) containing 0.1, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, 0.39 and 1.1 g of l ‐carnitine kg^?1 diet were fed to triplicate groups of black sea bream (initial weight 13.10 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant status were determined. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly improved by the elevation of dietary l ‐carnitine level from 0.1 to 0.24 g kg^?1, but decreased with further increment (P < 0.05). Lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the dorsal muscle whereas increased (P < 0.05) in the liver with the addition of dietary l ‐carnitine. Dietary l ‐carnitine supplements elevated enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione‐S‐transferase, GST) activities (P < 0.05) yet decreased the content of non‐enzymatic factor, total sulphydryl groups (TSH) (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimum dietary l ‐carnitine level was 0.284 g kg^?1 diet by second‐polynomial regression analysis based on RGR (y = ?647.4x² +367.97x + 234.55; R² = 0.977, x = dietary l ‐carnitine levels, y = RGR), and dietary l ‐carnitine addition within the levels adopted in our study could depress lipid peroxidation in tissues of juvenile black sea bream.     

降水、灌溉和品种对玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

8年田间试验结果表明,玉米产量明显受降水和灌溉的影响。玉米苗期灌溉最为关键,是保证高产的基础。在只灌溉苗水而没有其他灌溉条件下,夏玉米产量与7、8月份降水密切相关,而与生长季节的降水总量关系不明显。除了极干旱年份(季节降雨量小于200 mm)外,随着灌溉量增加,玉米水分利用效率(WUE)降低。玉米最优灌溉制度为:干旱年份,除了苗期的1次灌溉外,在拔节和扬花期分别实施2次灌溉;常年和湿润年份,除了出苗水外,在抽穗到扬花期的8月初实施1次灌溉。3年的田间试验结果表明,当地种植的不同玉米品种之间产量最大相差20%,水分利用效率差异在12%~19%。因此,将适宜的品种与优化的灌溉制度相结合,是提高华北平原夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的有效途径。     

Inhibition of ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides

AIM: To investigate the effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODN) on the intercellsular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression on endothelial cells in hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R). METHODS: With cultured glomerular vascular endothelial cell in H/R, the positive percentage of ICAM-1 expression was measured by flow cytometry before and after giving AS-ODN. RESULTS: The ICAM-1 expression did not increase on glomerular vascular endothelial cell in 10 hours hypoxia compared to control group, it increased in 6 hours reoxygenation, and decreased by 40.6% after giving AS-OND. CONCLUSION: AS-ODN may decrease the expression of ICAM-1 on endothelial cells in H/R.