花生硬脂酰-ACP酸脱饱和基因FAB2表达的分子机制

FAB2位于油酸合成通路的上游,编码硬脂酰-ACP脱饱和酶,调控硬脂酸(C18:0)向油酸(C18:1)转化。本研究发现高油酸品种开农176种子发育前期FAB2的表达量升高,而成熟期油酸过量积累会抑制FAB2的表达。利用开农176与开农70构建F2杂交群体,发现当植株油酸含量超过60%时会从整体水平上抑制FAB2的表达。种子发育前期,油酸不断积累会导致过氧化物酶活性升高,并且活性氧含量随之增加;但是在种子发育后期均降低,该结果与FAB2的表达量变化趋势相同。亚细胞定位结果表明, FAB2与FAD2分别定位于叶绿体与内质网。FAB2编码区序列多态性分析显示,该蛋白序列氮端的氨基酸结构缺失可能会导致硬脂酸含量升高。FAB2启动子序列存在大量AT碱基的富集区域,并且含有光响应、激素调控、转录因子结合的保守顺式元件。本研究发现过量积累的油酸会激活过氧化物酶介导的活性氧信号途径,进而通过细胞核内的未知转录因子调节上游基因FAB2的表达量,该结果不仅拓展了对FAB2的功能认知,也为培育高油酸花生品种提供了相关的理论指导。     

线纹香茶菜的组织培养与快速繁殖

[目的]研究线纹香茶菜(Rabdosia lophanthoides)离体快繁过程,获得相关快繁技术,为优良品种的培育奠定基础。[方法]以线纹香茶菜带茎尖或腋芽的茎段为外植体,进行彻底消毒,采用MS基本培养基,附加不同激素浓度的BA或不同浓度的MS培养基进行试验。[结果]低浓度(0～1mg/L)的BA,可促进出芽;BA浓度为1mg/L较为适宜,出芽率高达100%,且出芽数量多;BA浓度高于3mg/L时,抑制出芽而促进愈伤组织的形成。生根培养基选择1/2MS+NAA 0.2mg/L,生根率为90%,且根系较粗壮。试管苗移栽,成活率为90%。[结论]线纹香茶菜组培前的消毒处理较为关键,通过较彻底地消毒方法可保证无菌苗的获取,从而得到较高的快繁率,构建有效的离体再生体系。     

混合盐碱胁迫对橡胶草种子萌发的影响

以野生橡胶草为研究材料,将中性盐(NaCl、Na_2SO_4)和碱性盐(NaHCO_3、Na_2CO_3)按不同比例和浓度配制成25组梯度混合盐溶液,采用室内培养法观察了混合盐胁迫对橡胶草种子萌发的影响。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加,相对盐害率上升,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和初生根长度均呈下降趋势;在相同盐浓度条件下,pH值高的混合盐对种子萌发的抑制作用更强;逐步回归分析表明,盐浓度是抑制种子萌发的主导因素,pH值的影响次之。     

长林油茶良种栽培及产业化推广应用

长林油茶系列良种经8年推广种植,取得明显成效,全省推广种植面积达24 453hm^2,经济收益累计达47 418万元。覆盖5个地州11个县,86个街道、乡镇,454个行政村,涉及受益农户达71 307户,贫困户达18 012户,项目区覆盖农户率达81.5%。大力良种推广,为林农得到增收增效,建立了绿色银行,增强了地方经济实力,促进了贵州山区群众脱贫致富。     

不同激素对油用牡丹上胚轴萌发的影响

以‘凤丹白’胚根大于3cm的种子为试验材料,采用全因子试验方法,研究了GA3、NAA和6-BA 3种激素的不同浓度和时间对胚根种子的萌芽率、发芽指数和初萌期的影响,以期为苗木生产提供依据。结果表明:GA3500mg·L^-1处理16h,其萌芽率、发芽指数和初萌期分别为98.89%、0.28和77.00d,发芽指数显著高于对照、初萌期显著比对照提早了13.33d;NAA 100mg·L^-1和6-BA 100mg·L^-1对‘凤丹白’上胚轴萌发均没有明显的促进或抑制作用,300mg·L^-1 NAA和6-BA、500mg·L^-1 NAA和6-BA不论浸种时间长短均明显地抑制了‘凤丹白’种子的萌芽率和发芽指数;同时,500mg·L^-1NAA显著地延长了‘凤丹白’种子的初萌期,说明500mg·L^-1 NAA严重抑制了‘凤丹白’种子的生长发育。     

小花蝽在不同植物上的种群密度

2010―2016年通过人工栽培小区试验,系统调查了33科152种植物上小花蝽复合种群发生动态。多年调查结果表明：除黄柴胡外,其余151种植物上均有小花蝽发生,但小花蝽的种群密度在不同调查年度的植物种类上差异较大。小花蝽种群发生密度最高的植物是蓝蓟,其次是芥菜、硫华菊、荞麦、紫花苜蓿、红麻、陆地棉等有大量蚜虫及开花周期较长的植物。本研究明确了农田生境中小花蝽发生密度较高的候选功能植物,为下一步利用植物多样性促进农田小花蝽种群的保育及控害功能提供科学依据。     

西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果及其安全性评价

本研究探讨了温室和田间试验条件下西兰花植株残体还田对棉花黄萎病的防治效果以及西兰花残体对棉花生长的安全性,以期为深入研究西兰花植株残体对棉花黄萎病的生态防治机制提供依据。将粉碎的西兰花植株残体与培养基质分别按1%、3%、5%、7%和14%处理混匀,在（28±2）℃条件下分别腐解7和30 d后种植棉花,测定其对棉花出苗率、株高的影响以及对黄萎病的防治效果。研究结果表明,当腐解时间为7 d,西兰花残体处理比例为1%和3%时,棉花出苗率与不添加西兰花残体的空白对照处理不存在显著差异,但对株高具有显著促生长作用,增幅分别为19.46%、42.41%和36.96%;西兰花残体添加比例为5%、7%和14%时,对出苗具有不同程度的抑制作用。当腐解时间为30 d时,上述各比例西兰花残体处理后的棉花出苗率和株高与空白对照之间差异不显著。西兰花残体处理显著降低了棉花黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,其21 d后的防治效果达到72.55%。田间试验表明,西兰花残体在棉花全生育期内对黄萎病的防治效果为43.06%。综合分析表明,西兰花残体的施入,促进了棉花生长,降低了黄萎病的发病率和病情指数,且在发病初期的防治效果优于后期。研究结果为深入研究西兰花残体防治棉花黄萎病的生态机制提供理论依据和技术指导,最终为棉花黄萎病的绿色防控和化学农药的减量提供了新途径和思路。     

Tanshinone ⅡA induces apoptosis via JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma HOS cells

AIM: To explore the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on human osteosarcoma HOS cells and the underlying mechanism.METHODS: The cell viability and the appropriate dose of tanshinone ⅡA were determined by CCK-8 assay. Colony formation assay and Transwell assay were used to investigate the proliferation and migration abilities of the HOS cells treated with tanshinone ⅡA. The apoptosis of the HOS cells was monitored by Hoechst 33258 staining, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The protein levels of apoptosis-related molecules and JNK signaling-associated proteins were determined by Western blot. Meanwhile, a JNK inhibitor was added for confirming the relationship between the pathway and apoptosis mentioned above.RESULTS: Tanshinone ⅡA inhibited both HOS cell proliferation and migration in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Exposure of the HOS cells to tanshinone ⅡA resulted in the activation of apoptosis. Tanshinone ⅡA treatment increased the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax and JNK signaling-associated proteins, and decreased the protein level of Bcl-2, which were reversed by JNK inhibitor SP600125. Moreover, the result of CCK-8 assay revealed that tanshinone ⅡA-induced cell death was alleviated by JNK inhibitor.CONCLUSION: Tanshinone ⅡA induces cell growth inhibition and the activation of apoptosis via JNK signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma HOS cells.     

Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer cells HCC827

AIM: To investigate the effect of shikonin on reversing hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and to explore its possible mechanisms.METHODS: The gefitinib-resistant HCC827 cells induced by HGF were treated with shikonin and gefitinibthe alone or in combination. The inhibition rates of cell viability were determined by MTT assay. The invasive ability of HCC827 cells with HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib was determined by Transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and related signaling pathway in the HCC827 cells were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay showed that the cell activity of HCC827 cells was significantly inhibited by shikonin in a dose dependent manner. The IC₅₀ of shikonin in HCC827 cells was 3.06 μmol/L. And the IC₅₀ of gefitinib in HCC827 cells was 0.51 μmol/L. Under the condition of combined treatment with shikonin and gefitinib in the presence of HGF (20 μg/L), the IC₅₀ of gefitinib was 7.36 μmol/L, significantly lower than that treated with gefitinib alone (P<0.01), so did the result of the cell migration (P<0.01). HGF induced EMT, while shikonin reversed this effect. The protein expression level of p-AKT was significantly up-regulated by HGF, while markedly down-regulated treatment with shikonin and gefitinib compared with gefitinib alone (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and the mechanism may be likely related to the preventon of EMT and the inhibition of HGF-induced activation of p-AKT signaling pathway.     

两种替代猎物对日本刀角瓢虫生长发育及生殖力的影响

为明确替代猎物对日本刀角瓢虫人工饲养的效果,以烟粉虱卵为对照,研究了地中海粉螟卵和米蛾卵对日本刀角瓢虫生长发育及繁殖力的影响。结果表明,饲喂米蛾卵的日本刀角瓢虫存活率为17.16%,发育历期显著延长,雌虫寿命显著缩短;饲喂地中海粉螟卵处理的存活率为77.82%,雌虫寿命显著延长。瓢虫幼虫期和成虫期营养对成虫产卵能力有明显影响:幼虫期饲喂地中海粉螟卵,成虫期分别饲喂米蛾卵和地中海粉螟卵,产卵量极显著降低(分别为64.45粒和53.82粒);幼虫期饲喂地中海粉螟卵,成虫期饲喂烟粉虱卵,产卵量(539.10粒)与对照组无显著差异;幼虫期饲喂烟粉虱卵,成虫期分别饲喂地中海粉螟卵和米蛾卵,产卵量极显著降低(分别为59.30粒和71.38粒)。因此,米蛾卵不适于日本刀角瓢虫饲养,地中海粉螟卵可作为瓢虫幼虫期饲养的替代猎物。