先张法预应力空心板纵向开裂的防治

多年来先张法预应力空心板在中、小桥结构物中一直被广泛应用.但在设计回访中发现,部分空心板板底多存在有纵向裂缝的问题,为有效杜绝此弊病的发生,本文对其产生的原因进行了分析并提出了预防措施.     

Field evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic Populus nigra trees

The performance of insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees (Populusnigra) expressing a Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki HD-1 against poplar defoliators was evaluated in the field at the Manas Forest Station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region during1994–1997. The results showed that the average percentage of highly damaged leaves on the transgenic trees was 10% while that on the control trees in nearby plantations reached 80–90%. The average number of pupae per m² of soil at 20cm depth in transgenic poplar plantation was 18 which was only 20% of that found in the non-transgenic control field. The number of pupae and the leaf-damage on transgenic trees described above are all far below the threshold set for chemical protection measures. The non-transformed poplar trees grown in the same plantation with the transgenic trees were also protected indicating that cross protection occurred between these two kinds of trees. Insect-resistant transgenic poplar trees have a potential application value in afforestation. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

水土流失区建立新的生态环境途径的探讨——以鲁山县楼子河试验区为例

本文以鲁山县楼子河试验区为例,剖析了该试验区生态环境遭受严重破坏的原因,主要是由于人为不合理的社会经济活动的影响,加陡坡开荒、毁林毁草,掠夺式的获取薪材等。为了实现农业生态系统的良性循环,促进农林牧副诸业的发展,笔者根据楼子河试验区因地制宜综合治理的经验,提出了水土流失区建立新的生态环境的途径和措施。     

超声波技术在果蔬加工中的应用

超声波技术已经在现代工业的各个领域得到了广泛的应用,家用型超声波清洗设备也已经在市场上出现,但仍然存在除垢效果不理想、灭菌和降解农药残留不彻底等问题。为了对新型超声波清洗的设计提供理论支持,主要介绍了超声波的清洗原理和特点,并简述和分析了超声波技术在清洗、灭菌和降解有机污染物方面的应用现状,以期为后续产品的研发提供帮助。     

我国大中型水库渔业发展与多功能协调研究

我国水库丰富的水资源、生物资源和较高的生产力,为渔业发展提供了很好的基础.鱼类在水库生态系统中具有重要作用,水库渔业不仅提供优质蛋白质来源,而且还改善水质.发展我国大中型水库渔业有3种模式：①依水库功能定位,有效利用环境协调性模式;②依水质管理目标,科学发展网箱养殖模式;③依生态景观特色,大力发展休闲渔业模式.同时,水库渔业发展应遵循“加强水质动态监测,利用水动力学特性和生物操纵调控水质,与其他功能相协调,大库鱼类增殖与网箱养鱼相协调”的生态管理对策.     

荷斯坦牛抗热应激候选基因S441的检测

本试验以S441为奶牛假定抗热应激候选基因。在核心母牛场湖南省奶牛原种场测定不同世代的种母牛213头,在核心公牛场湖南省种公牛站,以及北京、上海、南京、安徽等地测定种公牛46头,共检测出具有S441基因的母牛27头,检出率为12．7％（27／213）,公牛15头,检出率为32．6％（15／46）。在湖南省奶牛原种场,有、无抗热应激候选基因的母牛在热应激期间的产奶量分别为1736．75kg和1528．63kg,产奶量下降率分别为3．51％和22．56％,产奶量差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但产奶量下降率差异显著（P〈0．05）,基本肯定该基因为抗热应激候选基因。     

德菲尔法构建重大动物疫病预警指标体系

[目的 ]构建重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。[方法 ]以禽流感和口蹄疫为例,采用文献调研法和德菲尔专家咨询法中的专家会议法初拟重大动物疫病预警体系的框架和指标;应用德菲尔专家咨询法评价预警指标的重要性、可操作性;应用组合权重法比较各指标综合影响的大小,并将指标分类。[结果 ]筛选出禽流感和口蹄疫预警预报一级指标6项(易感动物、饲养管理和免疫情况等)以及二级指标14项(免疫效果、环境消毒、温度等),并将指标分为三类(关键指标、重要指标和一般指标)。[结论 ]初步构建了重大动物疫病暴发流行预警指标体系。     

规模化猪场疫病传入的外部风险因素指标体系的初探

据实际调查,运用层次分析法,将疫病传入的各外界风险因素指标划分为目标层、准则层和分准则层三个层次。采用EXCEL软件进行数据统计,依次编辑各层次结构模型,构建各层次的判断矩阵和一致性检验。结果表明：猪场的管理措施、生物安全、场址是疫病传入的主要风险因素。据此确立了I级指标和II级指标,从而构建疫病传入的风险因素指标体系。     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白转基因小鼠的构建研究

将狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ ＢｇｌⅡ（１．６７ｋｂ）片段正向插入ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋ＢａｍＨⅠ切点，构建重组质粒ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ，用ＥｃｏＲⅠ＋ＳａｌⅠ对ｐＭＴ０１０／Ａ＾＋－Ｒｇｐ进行双酶切后，回收含有狂犬病病毒糖蛋白ｃＤＮＡ和绵羊ＭＴ启动子的２．７６ｋｂ片段，通过显微注射技术将该片段注入小鼠单细胞受精卵雄前核内，在进行胚胎移植后，获得４４只小鼠，经ＰＣＲ、Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交及原位     

Systematic Review of Brain Tumor Treatment in Dogs

Intracranial neoplasia is commonly diagnosed in dogs and can be treated by a variety of methods, but formal comparisons of treatment efficacy are currently unavailable. This review was undertaken to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding outcome after the treatment of intracranial masses in dogs, with the aim of defining optimal recommendations for owners. This review summarizes data from 794 cases in 22 previously published reports and follows PRISMA guidelines for systematic review. A Pubmed search was used to identify suitable articles. These then were analyzed for quality and interstudy variability of inclusion and exclusion criteria and the outcome data extracted for summary in graphs and tables. There was a high degree of heterogeneity among studies with respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria, definition of survival periods, and cases lost to follow‐up making comparisons among modalities troublesome. There is a need for standardized design and reporting of outcomes of treatment for brain tumors in dogs. The available data do not support lomustine as an effective treatment, but also do not show a clear difference in outcome between radiotherapy and surgery for those cases in which the choice is available.