黄土高原沟壑区环境与牧草适宜性的调查分析

2003年6-7月,对黄土高原地区甘肃庆阳宁县瓦斜乡东风沟内的天然植被进行了种类和盖度的调查.结合调查数据,根据草地资源调查规划学原理对生态系统健康状况与草地退化程度进行了评价,提出该区退化草地生态系统培育与恢复、退耕还草区域环境改良的建议.查询"中国草业开发专家系统"后,根据该软件中"牧草栽培"与"草原综合顺序分类"模块提供的专家建议,比较实验数据,做出牧草适宜性分析.     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

利血平增敏法检测恩诺沙星药物残留的研究

目的了解恩诺沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的抗菌活性及利血平对其抗菌活性的影响。方法采用对倍稀释浓度琼脂平板法测定抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值,同法测定利血平对恩诺沙星对金葡菌MIC值的影响。结果利血平可有效增强恩诺沙星的抗菌活性,增大了恩诺沙星抑制金葡菌的抑菌圈直径,提高了恩诺沙星在组织中检测的灵敏度。研究发现利血平加入后中心浓度由0.5ul/ml变为0.0625ul/ml,最低检测限由0.125μg/ml降低到0.015625μg/ml。最低检测限减低了8倍。     

鸡β-防御素及其应用前景

防御素是生物界广泛存在的一类具微生物抗性的低分子肽，由于其抗菌谱最广，具有很高的应用潜力。本文概述了鸡β-防御素的分子结构、抗菌活性、基因表达调控的研究进展，并展望了其在畜牧业中的应用前景。     

食品安全目标及其管理应用

随着加工工艺复杂化以及从种养殖环节到最终食品消费的整个食物链环节不断增多,影响食品安全的因素日渐增加。各界都致力于研究如何有效实现食品的安全生产与消费。近年来,食品卫生法典委员会提出一个新的概念——食品安全目标(Food Safety Objective,FSO),也就是在能够提供合理保护水平的基础上,食品中容许危害因素的最大频率和最高浓度。本文就FSO做了一些基本介绍,并分析了它与其它几个相关概念的关系以及FSO在食品安全管理与食品国际贸易中的重要作用。     

稳定转化家蚕BmN细胞表达人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子

为了建立稳定转化家蚕细胞持续表达外源基因的技术体系,构建了基于piggyBac转座子的带有人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因(hGM-CSF)和新霉素抗性基因(neo)表达元件的转基因载体pigA3GFP-IE-neo-FH-hGM-CSF-polyA-fib-L-intron1,以及带有hGM-CSF和吉欧霉素(zeocin)抗性基因的昆虫细胞转化载体pIZT-IE-hGM-CSF,分别转染家蚕卵巢BmN细胞,并以含相应抗生素G418或zeocin的培养液筛选,得到稳定的转化细胞系FH-hGM-CSF和IE-hGM-CSF。ELISA检测结果显示,hGM-CSF在FH-hGM-CSF和IE-hGM-CSF转化细胞系的表达水平分别为1.534 55 fg/个细胞和2.227 38 fg/个细胞。     

扎龙保护区春季黑翅长脚鹬觅食生境分析

2007年4～5月,在扎龙自然保护区对黑翅长脚鹬的觅食生境进行了调查研究.利用定点观察法、样方法、因子测定法对黑翅长脚鹬觅食地的植被高度、植被密度、植被盖度、觅食地水深等进行了测量,得到黑翅长脚鹬觅食生境数据.并对野外调查数据用方差分析以及平均值比较等数学方法处理,获得黑翅长脚鹬最佳觅食地的数据.     

河北进境种用动物衣原体血清学检测

衣原体病是一种重要的人畜共患病,给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失,同时严重威胁从业人员的身体健康。本研究对河北辖区引进的2批种鸡、2批种鸭及2批种猪进行抽样,使用间接血凝试验（IHA）检测引进种用动物的衣原体抗体。结果表明：衣原体IHA抗体阳性率为15.7%。在种鸡、种鸭和种猪中均检测到衣原体IHA抗体,阳性率分别为18.1%、4.2%和20%。这说明在引进种用动物中存在着较高的衣原体抗体阳性率,需要加强对该病的检测。     

鹅IDH1基因的分离、序列分析及表达特征研究

为阐明鹅肥肝形成的机制,使用mRNA差异显示技术研究朗德鹅和淑浦鹅在超饲养和正常饲养条件下肝脏基因表达差异.基因IDH1被证实在2个品种鹅肝脏中表达受到显著抑制(P<0.05).结果,得到了该基因1269 bp的CDS序列,与鸡IDHI有95%的同源性.序列分析表明,该序列含有1个1 248 bp的开放读码框(ORF),编码含415个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白质序列存在1个保守结构域Icd,与其它物种该蛋白的同源性分别为:鸡99%、大鼠89%、人90%、猿90%、牛88%、小鼠88%.应用生物信息学的方法对该蛋白质的功能和结构进行了分析.组织表达分析表明,鹅IDH1基因在肝脏中表达丰富,在脾、肾和肌胃中中等表达,在其它组织中表达量较低.研究结果显示,超饲可以抑制鹅肝脏IDH1基因mRNA的表达.     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.