Characterization of acetylcholinesterase from the gut of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus

An acetylcholinesterase was purified from the gut of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus by anion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified 35.49-fold with a total yield of 7.73 %. The molecular mass of purified acetylcholinesterase was 68 kDa as revealed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme displayed maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 35 °C with acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate. The enzyme activity appeared to be stable over pH 6.0–8.0 and up to 40 °C. It displayed an apparent Michaelis–Menten behavior in the concentration range from 0.1 to 0.8 mM with K _m values of 0.62 mM for acetylthiocholine iodide and 2.53 mM for butyrylthiocholine iodide. More than 95 % of acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited by 1 mM eserine or 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethylammonium phenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284C51), but only 19.1 % of the activity was inhibited by tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide (iso-OMPA) at the same concentration. On the basis of the substrate and inhibitor specificities, the purified enzyme appeared to be a true acetylcholinesterase. Nevertheless, the purified acetylcholinesterase exhibited insensitivity to substrate inhibition phenomenon. Its biochemical properties were compared with those reported for different species.     

保护性耕作技术应用成效机理与关键环节研究

该文从5个方面着重分析了应用保护性耕作技术的主要成效,并对取得的效应从技术机理上做了分析。针对保护性耕作规模应用的关键环节技术问题,进行了实践研究。对今后在长春市进一步推广保护性耕作具有一定的指导意义。      

Characterization of Fusarium spp. Causing Potato Dry Rot in China and Susceptibility Evaluation of Chinese Potato Germplasm to the Pathogen

Dry rot is a serious potato disease and causes significant losses in China. Research efforts on potato dry rot have been very limited as well as the attempts to characterize the pathogen in the major potato production regions of China. A total of 260 Fusarium isolates were identified in 698 potato tubers collected in six important potato production regions of northern China, out of which five different Fusarium species, Fusarium sambucinum, F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, and F. acuminatum, were isolated. The identification of each species was confirmed by sequencing analysis of ∼700 bp DNA fragment derived from the translation elongation factor-1 alpha gene. F. sambucinum was found to be the predominant species accounting for 56% of the isolates. Different pathogenicity was found to be associated with five most common Fusarium species. Sixty-seven clones used in China were identified as susceptible to F. sambucinum, indicating little scope for developing resistant cultivars using the currently available potato germplasm.     

Spinnability in pre-gelled gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers

The spinnability in pre-gelled gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fibers was investigated. The spinning solutions were aged at 25 °C for different times prior to fiber spinning. The pre-gelled spinning solution aged for 2.5 h was much more strain hardening than the ungelled one, which can increase the spinnability of the solution. The maximum take-up velocity of the first winding roller V _1m, which reflects the spinnability of the spinning solutions, was found to be largest when the aging time was 1.5 h. The spinnability increased with the increase of the air gap length and the lengthdiameter ratio L/D of the spinnerette. Once the L/D increased beyond 15, the spinnability hardly changed. The fibers spun from the spinning solution aged for 1.5 h had the best mechanical properties and favorable structure, showing that good spinnability favors the performance increase of resultant PAN precursor fibers.     

基于无线数据传输的农田节水灌溉系统

随着淡水资源的匮乏,节水灌溉在农业中的推广已是必然趋势。为此,设计了基于无线数据传输的自动控制灌溉控制系统,介绍了无线射频技术的代表芯片nRF905的使用,从而突破了传统灌溉系统的有线数据传输模式,具有抗干扰能力强和传输距离远的特点;介绍了常见的上位机开发工具,并使用LABVIEW编写上位机。经实地测试使用表明,系统达到了良好的节水目的。     

手推式蔬菜种子播种机的设计

随着棚室蔬菜种植业的发展壮大,以人工为主的种植模式已经远远不能满足发展需要,存在种植效率低、播种精度低、浪费种子和株距不均等诸多问题。针对这种情况研发设计一种适合棚室作业的手推式蔬菜种子播种机。该机具采用了高精度排种器,使播种精度、播种效率、株距以及粒距等远远好于人工播种;用户可根据需要随意更换不同的排种轮,一台机具可实现播种不同株距的不同蔬菜种子;整个机具结构简单、设计巧妙、占地面积小。该机具投入使用后将大大减轻农民的劳动强度,使棚室内的种植环境保持清洁、无污染,填补了国内棚室蔬菜种子播种机械的空白。     

冲孔网板双循环穿流热风干燥试验台设计

根据果蔬干燥特性和穿流带式干燥的原理及特点,在分析穿流干燥工艺的基础上,建立双循环穿流干燥试验台.该试验台为上下穿流循环系统,各系统均可独立运行,穿流风速0～10 m/s,温度30～150℃,相对湿度0～100％,可实现自动进风和排湿、能耗显示、各参数显示及记录等功能.在该试验台进行了红辣椒干燥试验,研究了前期干燥温度、后期干燥温度和铺料厚度因素对干燥单位能耗的影响,得出前期干燥温度70℃(20 min)+60℃ (40 min),后期干燥温度55℃,铺料厚度14 cm的干燥工艺可获得最少单位能耗.     

不同浓度的NaCl溶液对虹鳟精子活力的影响

为了延长虹鳟精子快速运动的时间和寿命,提高人工繁殖过程中的受精率,通过显微镜观察精子的快速运动时间和寿命,研究了不同NaCl浓度的变化对3、4龄虹鳟精子的活力的影响。结果表明：随着NaCl浓度的增加,4龄虹鳟精子激烈运动时间与寿命都逐渐减少,3龄虹鳟精子激烈运动时间与寿命都呈现抛物线状分布,且NaCl浓度在0.8%时精子激烈运动时间与寿命都达到最长,分别为(25.20±3.04) s、(75.91±9.87) s。在低于0.2%浓度的氯化钠溶液中,4龄虹鳟精子激烈运动时间与寿命都明显高于3龄虹鳟精子。     

不同氮磷配比对白蜡生长和土壤性状的影响

采用“3414”不完全试验方案,研究不同氮磷配比对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地3年生白蜡的生长和土壤性质的影响。结果表明,不同氮、磷肥配比对白蜡的胸径和树高生长具有显著影响,所有施肥处理的胸径和树高增长率均显著高于无肥对照处理,以N2P2处理的增长率最高,其次为处理N2P1。氮对白蜡生长的促进作用要明显大于磷。施用氮、磷肥后,白蜡叶片的氮、磷、钾含量和光合速率、气孔导度均有明显提高。氮、磷肥施入后明显提高了土壤有效氮和有效磷含量,一定程度上增加了土壤有效钾和有机质含量,但对土壤pH和盐分含量未表现出明显影响。采用二元二次方程对白蜡的施肥效应进行分析,结果表明,当N用量为0.159 kg/株、P2O5用量为0.0181 kg/株时,白蜡的胸径增长率最大。在本试验条件下,白蜡的最佳经济效益施肥量分别为N 0.159 kg/株和P2O5 0.0176 kg/株。     

重庆植烟区气候因子对烤烟化学成分的影响

根据气候统计数据,进行聚类分析,将重庆市12个植烟区分为4个不同区域类型：石柱、南川、彭水和武隆为第1类,丰都、涪陵、万州和巫山为第2类,奉节和巫溪归为第3类,酉阳和黔江为第4类。4类区域各气候因子及烟叶化学成分含量之间都具有显著性差异。大田期均温均能满足烟叶生长的需求,影响第1、4类烟区化学成分含量的主导气候因子是大田期总日照,大田期总日照和降雨量为影响第2、3类的主要气候因子。