重庆市渝北区农村建设用地集约利用评价研究

为了挖掘渝北区农村建设用地集约利用的潜力,更好地推动其农村建设用地的集约利用。笔者选取相关指标构建了农村建设用地集约利用水平评价体系,并利用专家咨询法(Delphi)和层次分析法(AHP)确定对应的指标权重,对渝北区2005年和2010年农村建设用地集约利用水平进行了对比分析。结果表明,渝北区2005年和2010年农村建设用地集约利用水平综合值分别为0.4669和0.5854,2010年农村建设用地集约利用水平较2005年有所提高,处于适度利用状态,但与集约利用仍有一定的差距。针对评价结果,笔者还提出了促进渝北区农村建设用地集约利用的相关对策建议。     

艾维茵2000父母代种鸡产蛋率与入孵性状的相关与回归分析

对8批AV2000父母代种鸡的生产记录分析结果,产蛋率与入孵蛋孵化率、健雏率、无精蛋率、毛（白）蛋率、初生淘汰率的相关系数分别为＋0.836 1、＋0.822 3、-0.846 9、-0.625 9、-0.810 0,由此建立相应的回归方程.     

玉米黄粉可降解性塑料的制备和性质

玉米黄粉是湿法玉米淀粉加工的副产物。为充分利用这种副产物生产可降解塑料,将其与增塑剂甘油混合后,经单螺杆挤压机制成母粒,母粒再被热压成型为试验片,并对试验片的性质进行了分析,结果表明：含有20%甘油的试验片具有良好的机械性质;以Halsey方程为基础,建立的模型能预测试验片拉伸强度与相对湿度关系,经验证模型与实际测量值具有良好的拟合性;应用扫描电子显微镜观察试验片内部结构的结果表明它具有均匀的结构;热重分析的结果表明可降解试验片在170℃以下时能保持热稳定性。     

基于垄线平行特征的视觉导航多垄线识别

为有效快速地识别农田多条垄线以实现农业机器人视觉导航与定位,提出一种基于机器视觉的田间多垄线识别与定位方法。使用VC++ 6.0开发了农业机器人视觉导航定位图像处理软件。该方法通过图像预处理获得各垄行所在区域,使用垂直投影法提取出导航定位点。根据摄像机标定原理与透视变换原理,计算出各导航定位点世界坐标。然后结合垄线基本平行的特征,使用改进的基于Hough变换的农田多垄线识别算法,实现多垄线的识别与定位。使用多幅农田图像进行试验并在室内进行了模拟试验。处理一幅320×240的农田图像约耗时219.4 ms,室内试验各垄线导航距与导航角的平均误差分别为2.33 mm与0.3°。结果表明,该方法能有效识别与定位农田的多条垄线,同时算法的实时性也能满足 要求。     

Mycorrhizal communities in relation to biomass production and nutrient use efficiency in two varieties of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii and var. glauca) in different forest soils

To investigate the role of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizas for growth and nutrition, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a species capable of establishing both types of symbioses, was used. Seedlings of two varieties of Douglas fir, var. menziesii (DFM) and var. glauca (DFG), differing in biomass production under non-mycorrhizal conditions, were planted in two soils of different nutrient status without preceding Douglas fir cultivation. After 2 years, the abundance of ectomycorrhizas was significantly higher on DFM than on DFG roots and higher in nutrient rich than in poor soil. Independent of the abundance of ectomycorrhiza colonization, roots of both Douglas fir varieties contained in most cases a minimum of six to nine different fungal species identified by ITS sequencing, which displayed both soil- and seed origin-specific patterns. Rhizopogon vinicolor was associated with DFM, whereas Cadophora finlandia, Sebacinaceous sp., Tricholoma sp. and a Tuber sp. were more frequently found on DFG roots. Ectendomycorrhizas were also identified and included under ectomycorrhiza for determination of nutrient relations. Net primary productivity and nitrogen-use efficiency were positively correlated with the degree of ectomycorrhiza colonization of Douglas fir seedlings suggesting that nitrogen accumulation did not keep pace with biomass production despite increased ectomycorrhizal colonization. Phosphorus-use efficiency was negatively correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizas, suggesting higher efficiency of these fungi than of ectomycorrhizas for phosphorus supply to the host. DFM, which had higher inherited growth capacities than DFG, displayed higher ectomycorrhizal colonization than DFG. In our experimental design the physiology of the host tree and soil properties, but not the diversity of fungi present on roots, were decisive factors for formation and abundance of ectomycorrhiza.     

An overview of soil loss tolerance

As the criterion for judging whether a soil has potential risks of erosion, productivity loss and whether a river has downstream over-sedimentation as well as the ultimate criterion for erosion control for the preservation of soil productivity and environmental security in the long term, the level of soil loss tolerance (T value) must be determined in a scientific manner. This overview summarized the development of T value. The factors influencing T value were then discussed, and the calculation methods for T value were also presented and evaluated. Finally, it was proposed that the evaluation of T value should be based on three criteria (referred to as T₁, T₂ and T₃, respectively) with respective definitions and research fields involved. Two key issues, which can prevent the damage by soil erosion, i.e. tolerance for agrochemicals and self-restoration capacity of ecological environments should be addressed in the near future.     

基于红外衰减全反射光谱的温室土壤盐分特征研究

与传统的露地耕作土壤不同,温室土壤在耕作过程中受较多的人为调控,但在调控的过程中产生了多种问题,如大量施肥导致的土壤盐渍化[1]。因此,研究如何表征温室土壤的离子特征并预测温室土壤的发展是当前设施农业发展所面临的重要问题。常规农化分析只从不同的角度分析温室土壤的特征,很难实现整体上的综合表征。红外光谱能够综合反应土壤的理化性质,在温室土壤研究中有具有明显的特点。常规的透射光谱在研究土壤时存在制样时间长和难以定量的缺点,而衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)则可克服这一缺点,结合化学计量学的方法,能够实现土壤的定性与定量分析[2,3]。红外光谱包含大量化学键信息,在分析时需进行合理的降维,抽取     

核果类果树扦插繁殖研究进展

该文综合介绍了核果类果树扦插繁殖的环境条件、材料处理方法、扦插方式、插条的组织解剖以及插条的生理生化等几方面的研究进展.指出了核果类果树扦插繁殖的现状以及今后的发展趋势.     

小尾寒羊多胎性能候选基因的研究进展

小尾寒羊具有常年发情、性成熟早和多胎性能的高繁殖力特性,平均每胎产羔2.6只,是我国优良的地方绵羊品种,也是我国独特的遗传资源。目前在BooroolaMerino羊、Inverdale羊和Hanna羊中已找到影响多胎性能的主基因,但国内对小尾寒羊多胎性能遗传机制的研究主要集中在常规的选育和分子标记方面,也有一些以候选基因法从分子水平上对小尾寒羊多胎机制进行研究,仍没有确立控制小尾寒羊高繁特性的主效基因,本文就其研究现状进行综述,为小尾寒羊主效基因的研究提供有益的参考。     

An investigation of carbohydrate and protein degradation ratios,nitrogen to energy synchronization and hourly effective rumen digestion of barley: effect of variety and growth year

The objective of this study was to investigate rumen available soluble, insoluble and total protein (CP), estimated structural (SC) and non‐structural carbohydrate (starch: ST), degradation characteristic ratios and hourly effective degradation of six barley varieties during three consecutive growth years (2003, 2004, 2005). The magnitude of the differences was determined between the varieties and growth years. Measured degradation kinetics included soluble fraction (S), undegradable fraction (U), lag time (T₀) and rate of degradation (K_d) of the insoluble but degradable fraction (D). Rumen available soluble, insoluble, and total N, SC and ST and the rumen degradation characteristic ratios were determined using the Tamminga rumen degradation ratio system. Characteristics of the hourly effective degradation between N and carbohydrate (CHO) among the six barley varieties for 3 years were also studied. The degradation ratios included were total rumen available N and carbohydrate ratio (FN/FCHO), rumen available soluble N and carbohydrate ratio (SN/SCHO), and rumen available insoluble N and carbohydrate ratio (EN/ECHO). Results show that both the barley variety and growth year had a significant effect on degradation kinetics (S, D, U, T₀ and/or K_d). Differences in the ratio of FN/FCHO among varieties ranged from 16.6 to 19.0 g/kg (p < 0.01). There was no difference in SN/SCHO (p > 0.05) with an average of 4.9 g/kg. The difference in the EN/ECHO ratio tended to be significant among the varieties (p = 0.069) ranging from 18.4 to 21.3 g/kg. Differences in the hourly effective degradation between N and CHO were relatively small at shorter incubation times (2–4 h) However, as the length of rumen incubation increased (12–24 h), much larger differences in the rate of effective hourly degradation were observed. In conclusion, both barley variety and growth year had significant effects on rumen degradation kinetics. The mean FN/FCHO ratio of 17.2 (16.6–19.0) was observed for the six barley varieties in this experiment. All barley varieties exhibited a less optimal rumen fermentation ratio (17.2 < optimum: FN/FCHO = 25 to 33 g N per kg CHO). The large differences in the degradation kinetics, characteristics ratios and hourly effective degradation among barley varieties and growth years may help to explain some of the large variations that are seen in cattle performance.