红皮云杉叶锈病病原菌的研究

红皮云杉叶锈病发生在小兴安岭林区,该林区的地理位置是48°～48°43′N,12°23′～130°19′E,总面积 51.8万 ha(包括东风、新青林业局)。此病害过去仅危害过伐林下层的幼龄林木,不引起人们的重视。但近年来已扩展到5～10年生的人工林木及林间苗圃的苗木上,严重地影响云杉人工林的生长量和苗木产量,给林业生产造成较大的损失(图版Ⅰ-1)。为此从1984～1986年开展了本项试验,现将有关病原菌接种试验和生活史部分的研究结果报道如下。     

我国经济林产品的发展现状及开发利用对策

综合介绍了我国经济林产品的发展现状及开发利用对策。我国一些经济林产品，如油茶、油桐、漆树、白蜡、板粟、等栽培历史悠久，产量居世界之冠；一些经济林产品的质量在世界上享有盛名，如桐油、核桃仁；近年来在一些经济林产品的开发利用上取得了一定的进展；如采用加温融合与加压压榨法提取橄榄油比常规压榨法提高出油量１４．０７％。     

深刻认识“相持阶段”科学判断的内涵全面推进森林防火工作

当前,我国生态建设已经进入"治理与破坏相持"的关键阶段.这个阶段,是生态建设和保护的攻坚阶段,是林业深化改革和考验森林防火工作的关键阶段,必须充实消防管理机构、健全应急反应机制、强化消防队伍建设、提高应急保障能力、落实消防责任,才能确保森林防火目标的实现.     

Ecological Benefit of Reforestation in a Severely Degraded Red Soil Region

Guifeng, Yiyang County, belongs to a seriously degraded red soil region. In 1991, Pinus elliottii and Lespedaza spp. were the species selected for the establishment of a mixed forest in the area. The results of an investigation of the soil system in a 12-year-old forest indicated the following: (1) Organic matter and total nitrogen of the forest soil to a depth of 40 cm were 88.0 and 36.0% higher, respectively, than those of a control plot; total phosphorus and available phosphorus were 40.9 and 22.3% higher than those of the control; available potassium contents were 8.13% lower than those of the control. (2) Soil aeration and the soil air regime improved. (3) Proteinase, catalase, and urease in the forest soil to a depth of 40 cm were usually higher than those in the control plot and decreased with soil depth. Translated from Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2005, 27(1) (in Chinese)     

Altitudinal patterns of the flora of seed plants of Dawei Mountain in Yunnan Province, south China

Altitudinal gradient incorporates multiple resource gradients, which vary continuously in different fashions. It is important to study the mountain floristic patterns along altitudinal gradients, which reveal the regular pattern of the flora along the environmental gradients, the changing trend of biodiversity patterns along the altitudinal gradient, and relevance of biological fitness. To explore the compositional characteristics and ecological significance of floristic patterns along altitudinal gradient in China National Nature Reserve of Dawei Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan Province, field investigations have been made to the flora along the two routes of the southwest slope and the northeast slope of the said reserve, including a vertical vegetation transect. Meanwhile, further investigations have also been made to the flora of Dawei Mountain, which has been accounted for in the literature, as Flora Yunnan, The Seed Plant in Yunnan, and so on. The structural characteristics of the flora and the altitudinal distribution pattern of its floristic components were analyzed. By applying systematic cluster analysis, the altitudinal position of the dividing line of floristic changes along altitudinal gradient was detected, and the effects of the montane climate on the vertical variation of floristic composition were studied. Conclusions were put forward. This paper can be summarized as follows: (1) The obvious boundary that differentiates tropical floristic elements is located at the altitude of approximately 1,500 m; it is reasonable to stipulate the boundary line between tropical rain forests and the evergreen broad-leaved forests. (2) The vertical vegetation spectrum made by cluster analysis shows that humid rain forests are below 700 m a.s.l, montane rain forests are between 700 and 1,500 m, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests are between 1,300 and 1,800 m, and montane mossy evergreen broad-leaved forests are above 1,800 m a.s.l. Nonrepresentative montane mossy dwarf forests (above 2,100 m) in the area are distributed in windward sides and in barren land on the mountain slopes. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 894–900 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

杉木连栽林地土壤微生物区系及其生化特性和理化性质的研究

选择立地坏境条件相同的杉木连栽与头栽林地，进行土壤微生物，酶活性及理化性质的分析。研究表明，杉木连栽林地土壤微生物总数下降２３．３５％，其中细菌、放线菌分别下降２４．７９％和３４．０４％，真菌增加１０．３９％微生物主要生理类群氨化细菌、纤维素分解菌、好气固氮菌、微嗜氮菌分别下降３６．６０％、１４．２４％、５６．５６％和２５．８１％，厌气固氮菌增加４６．１５％．连栽林地土壤的脲酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶的活性明显低于头栽土壤、多酚氧化酶则相反。在０－４０ｃｍ土层中．同于连栽引起土壤容重增加２．５９％、毛管孔隙、毛管含水量、田间持水量和自然含水量分别下降８．４６％、１１．０４％、１１．７８％和７．０８％，土壤有机质、Ｎ、Ｐ全量分别下降１６．６１％、１２．７５％和２１．４９％．Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ速效养分含量分别下降２０．０８％、８．７８％和２４．８５％．因而提出营造混交林，发展林下植被，停止或减少炼山和全垦以及增加肥料投入等技术对策。以防止连栽引起的地力衰退。     

转双抗虫基因741杨基本特性分析

对携带两个外源抗虫基因 (部分改造的BtCry1Ac基因和慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂基因API)的白杨杂种 74 1杨的抗虫性、生长特性、木材品质、结实特性及适应性进行多年连续观测。结果表明 ,3个转双抗虫基因 74 1杨株系对杨扇舟蛾、舞毒蛾、美国白蛾等鳞翅目食叶害虫具有高抗虫性 ,幼虫死亡率均在 80 %以上 ,并且还能抑制存活下来的昆虫幼虫的发育 ,使其发育速率减缓 ,不能正常结茧 ,连续 4年饲虫试验未发现其抗虫性有规律下降的趋势。转基因受体 74 1杨具有生长速度快 ,特别是胸径和材积生长在生长后期具有明显的速生优势 ,单株材积生长量平均超出对照 4 0 %以上 ;74 1杨木材品质优良 ,木材密度、纤维特性及各项力学性质均优于毛白杨。连续 3年观测表明 ,74 1杨为高度败育雌株 ,果穗小、数量少 ,成熟开裂前 70 %～ 90 %脱落 ,基本不飞絮。转基因 74 1杨没有发生明显变异 ,生长未受影响 ,可在毛白杨适生区推广应用。建议采用适宜的栽培模式 ,控制害虫抗性发展。     

12个脐橙品系高接试验

报道１２个脐橙品系高接树的生长、嫁接亲和力、抗逆性、产量和果实品质，最后讨论了发展脐橙应注意的问题。     

乌桕优良无性系评选及可配性研究

对收集的２０个乌桕无性系的生物学特性，主要经济性状进行了观测和比较，经多年测产，评选出８个高产无性系，并进行了可配性试验，用无性系造林，宜选择葡萄桕（类型）混合种植。     

西南桤木木塑复合材料的研究

采用乙烯基类系列单体——丙烯腈(AN)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)三元共聚单体注入西南桤木木材中，制成新型的高分子复合材料(AMA—WPC)。单体的注入用满细胞法，聚合用热引发法，并采用添加氯化锌对木材细胞壁进行活化等工艺对木塑复合材进行了研究和分析。实验样品按照国标GBl927—1943有关规定进行测试，并结合傅立叶红外光谱和扫描电镜探讨了各因素对AMA—WPC材料接枝率及性能的影响。结果表明：改性后西南桤木木塑复合材料具有优异的物理、力学性能。与素材相比较，AMA—WPC的密度提高了59．8％，顺纹抗压强度提高了76．7％，抗弯强度提高了90．4％，抗弯弹性模量提高22．2％，端面硬度提高102．3％，径面硬度提高153．6％，弦面硬度提高152．2％，吸水率降低56．7％，湿膨胀率降低19．0％。