The Morphology of 16 and 17 Day Old Bovine Blastocysts from Virgin and Repeat Breeder Heifers

The morphology of 16–17 days old embryos from virgin heifers (VH) and repeat breeder heifers (RBH) was compared using light and electron microscopy. In addition some embryos transferred from one heifer category to the other were studied. Embryos from VH were elongated blastocysts and the oval embryonic disc had three germ layers. The ectoderm was stratified and many mitoses were seen. The endoderm lining the blastocoelic cavity consisted of almost squamous cells conjoined by tight junctions. Between the ectoderm and the endoderm the mesoderm had developed and expanded laterally and the coelom had formed. The trophoblastic cells adjacent do the embryonic disc were cylindrical, whereas those more peripheral located were cuboidal. The trophoblastic cells were conjoined by tight junctions and they had numerous long microvilli on their peripheral surface. Except in the embryonic disc region, the endodermal cells had filopodial processes towards the trophoblast. The embryos from RBH varied in appearance. One was similar to those from VH whereas the others were, more or less retarded, without formation of mesoderm. The smaller one consisted ot trophoblastic cells only. The transferred embryos (representing surviving embryos: 2 out of 9 in VH-RBH and 5 of 6 in RBH-VH) had a morphology similar to that of VH blastocytes two though, appeared somewhat retarded. It is suggested that the retarded embryos lack the ability to complete embryonic development and that the uterine environment of RBH is not favourable to sustain normal embryonic development.     

利用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松种实害虫

对樟子松种实害虫及天敌曲姬蜂调查研究表明,球果象甲被害率在20%～40%左右,虫口密度为每果2～6头不等,棘梢斑螟有虫株率为26%,球果被害率为12%,虫口密度为每果1～2头不等,曲姬蜂的寄生率平均为25.4%,利用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松种实害虫效果非常显著。     

影响大蒜精油提取得率的工艺参数研究

研究了大蒜精油提取条件,包括反应温度、反应pH值、反应时间和蒸馏时间对大蒜精油提取得率的影响,初步确定了采用鲜蒜提取风味物质的最适工艺条件。     

水稻纤维素合酶催化亚基的编码基因BC88的表达分析

禾本科植物的脆秆突变体是进行次生细胞壁研究的理想材料。对水稻bc88突变体的前期研究表明,BC88编码一个纤维素合酶催化亚基OsCesA9。通过水稻遗传转化BC88启动子融合GUS的载体,检测到BC88在根、茎、叶、鞘、花中均有表达,并且在茎和根中表达量较高,这可能是由于BC88突变后影响了根系的正常发育及功能,进而影响地上部的生长,最终导致bc88半矮表型。将BC88与GFP的融合表达载体转入水稻和烟草表皮细胞中,共聚焦显微观察显示,OsCesA9定位在质膜上。质膜是纤维素合成的主要场所,这充分说明了OsCesA9是水稻次生细胞壁中纤维素合成必不可少的纤维素合酶催化亚基之一。本研究为BC88执行其生物学功能提供了新依据,对进一步认识该基因在调节次生细胞壁合成等方面的作用具有重要的意义。     

阻力形式对坡面流流速修正系数的影响

坡面流平均流速是建立坡面土壤侵蚀过程模型的基础参数,主要通过示踪法测定的水流表层流速乘以修正系数α获得,因此对α的合理取值是准确计算平均流速的关键。在收集和整理前人试验资料的基础上,利用室内水槽冲刷试验,研究了不同阻力形式(颗粒阻力、输沙阻力、植被阻力)对坡面流流速修正系数的影响。结果表明：坡面流流速修正系数随颗粒阻力、输沙阻力增加而减小,随植被阻力增加而增大,两者均可用幂函数表示;不同阻力形式主要通过改变坡面流流速分布影响流速修正系数,颗粒阻力和输沙阻力主要使流速梯度变大,而植被阻力主要使流速梯度变小。利用逐步回归分析给出了多种阻力形式作用下流速修正系数的预测公式,与实测值对比,吻合较好。     

Genetic variation in susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to furunculosis, BKD and cold water vibriosis

Genetic variation in susceptibility of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., to furunculosis, bacterial kidney disease (BKD) and cold water vibriosis was studied by challenge testing one-year-old fingerlings. Fish from 81 full-sib families within 32 sire progeny groups were infected with Aeromonas salmonicida, Renibacterium salmoninarum and Vibrio salmonicida. Estimated heritabilities were relatively low, being highest for BKD (h²= 0.23) and lowest for cold water vibriosis (h²= 0.13). Genetic correlations between the ability to survive the diseases were all positive, but the magnitude of the genetic correlation between furunculosis and BKD may be biased upwards because some of the dead BKD fish were also infected with furunculosis. The application of selection to develop resistant populations of Atlantic salmon is advocated. Challenge testing seems to be a feasible method, with relatively low costs and easy management. The future response to selection will depend on the relationships between results from a challenge test and mortalities under farming conditions and between disease resistance and other traits in the breeding goal.     

入侵性害虫桦潜叶蜂生活史及土壤生态适应性

目的: 研究吉林地区新发现一种害虫桦潜叶蜂的生活习性与环境相关性,为控制该害虫扩散为害提供科学依据。方法: 采用DNA分子鉴定与形态学特征相结合的方法,明确该虫的分类地位;运用室内及野外对比观察法记录害虫的生活习性,描述各虫态。于林间采用固定样方调查法,记录越冬前土壤内桦潜叶蜂老熟幼虫、做茧量及成虫羽化量。采用模拟成虫羽化季节月平均降水量对测试样地进行间隔周期为3天人工浇水处理,至成虫羽化。测定并记录土壤含水量、土壤温度以及土壤化学性质对羽化的影响。结果: 该虫为桦潜叶蜂,在吉林首次发现为害白桦。在吉林年发生2代,世代不整齐。6月上旬,始见羽化的成虫,在白桦的下层叶片以幼虫潜叶危害;6月下旬至7月上旬,第一代幼虫大多数幼虫脱叶落入浅土层中,少数于叶片内化蛹,并羽化出成虫,继续危害白桦中、上部嫩叶,8月下旬至9月上旬,以老熟幼虫脱叶入土,主要在5~10 cm做土茧越冬。第一代羽化成虫自白桦叶片近地处开始产卵,成虫单叶产卵4~6枚,虫口密度急剧增加则全叶均被害,严重造成落叶。第一代老熟幼虫于白桦叶片上表皮和栅栏层之间或土壤表层化蛹,第２代成虫羽化后向树冠上层迁移产卵为害。卵孵化周期为10天,幼虫共6龄。田间观察,在干旱年份羽化延迟,直至降雨成虫可陆续羽化。经土壤理化性质与翌年成虫羽化量相关性分析及冗余分析表明,土壤含水量是决定桦潜叶蜂为害发生及发生量变化的关键决定因子,相对较高的土壤含水量显著的促进成虫羽化,土壤pH、含氮量与羽化量正相关,而土壤温度对越冬后成虫羽化基本不构成影响;其他因素土壤全碳、全氮及全磷含量等对土壤中的桦潜叶蜂末龄幼虫生存无影响。结论: 在吉林地区首次发现的桦潜叶蜂,已形成区域性为害;该虫扩散受环境因素及土壤含水量影响较大,其中土壤含水量是影响成虫羽化量及羽化时间的关键要素,其次为土壤pH、含氮量,而其他理化性对越冬后成虫羽化基本不构成影响。     

旱涝交替下控制灌溉对稻田节水及氮磷减排的影响

该文研究控制灌排技术对稻田水氮磷动态变化及节水减排效应的影响。于2015年5—10月在河海大学江宁校区节水园,在有底侧坑内进行水稻栽培试验,于水稻分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期和乳熟期4个生育阶段进行控水试验,以常规控制灌溉为对照,测定稻田淹排水铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)和总磷浓度变化。结果表明:旱转涝处理淹水初期稻田水中铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)和总磷浓度显著高于涝转旱处理,这个时期地表和地下排水应该引起注意。控制灌排条件下灌水量减少7.4%~18.5%,排水量减少23.0%~43.5%,NH_4~+-N负荷减少18.5%~54.5%,NO_3~--N负荷减少16.8%~57.7%,总磷负荷减少34.2%~58.3%;其中拔节孕穗期和抽穗开花期在保证节水减排的同时,也能实现较高的产量;因此,控制灌排技术具有较好的节水减排效果,对南方稻作区灌排实践具有指导意义。     

Obtaining medical textiles including microcapsules of the ozonated vegetable oils

In this paper, it was aimed to obtain disposable medical textiles having antibacterial and wound healing properties, as well as biological adaption. For this purpose, the St. John’s Wort oil and flax seed oil were ozonated, and the oils were capsulated with arabic gum. The produced ozonated oils were characterized through FTIR and TGA analyses, as well as the properties of antibacterial, wound healing, and biological adaption were investigated. The produced microcapsules were examined via optical microscope and FTIR. The characterized microcapsules of the ozonated oils were applied to the textiles with padding method. After the applications, the fabrics were researched with SEM and FTIR analyses; in addition the antibacterial and wound healing properties and biological adaption of the textiles were also investigated. The results showed that the St. John’s Wort oil and flax seed oil were successfully ozonated and microcapsulated. The microcapsules of the oils could be applied to the fabric samples with the determined application recipe. The ozonated oils and the fabric samples applied microcapsules of the ozonated oils gained high antibacterial and wound healing property. In addition, the fabric samples were produced as having biological adaptation.