Reproductive biology of the female Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Stomatopoda) in relation to changes in the seasonal pattern of larval occurrence in Tokyo Bay, Japan

ABSTRACT:   The reproductive traits and the monthly larval abundance of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria were investigated in Tokyo Bay, Japan, in 2002. The goal of the study was to elucidate the cause of changes in the monthly pattern of larval abundance from the 1980s to the 1990s as these changes relate to variation in the stock size of the adult shrimp. Oogenesis was divided into 10 stages by histological observation. The developmental stage of oocytes in an individual's ovary was synchronous, suggesting that almost all the oocytes in an ovary are spawned at the same time. The size at first maturity was estimated to be 7 ≤ body length ( BL ) < 8 cm. Fecundity was expressed as a function of BL , ranging from 19 300 eggs for 8 cm BL to 92 100 eggs for 14 cm BL . Small female shrimps (<10 cm BL ) spawned around August. Most large female shrimps (≥10 cm BL ) spawned around May, and some large female shrimps also spawned until September. Although most large female shrimps spawned in spring, the larval abundance was low before July and high from August onwards. The results suggest that a substantial decrease in the stock size of large individuals causes the low larval abundance before July.     

淡水池塘网箱养殖漠斑牙鲆试验报告

通过对漠斑牙鲆淡水池塘网箱养殖试验,掌握了该品种的生活习性,探索出漠斑牙鲆内陆地区淡水养殖模式,总结出养殖过程中应采取的技术措施。25m~2网箱总产漠斑牙鲆102．9 kg,平均单产4．12 kg/m~2,平均规格为306．25 g/尾,成活率达84%。     

淡水鱼体质量在线检测及分级系统的设计与试验

设计一种用于淡水鱼体质量在线检测并按质量进行分级的系统,采用电子称质量的方式对鱼体进行质量在线检测并分级。该系统工作原理:当淡水鱼输送到称质量装置时,鱼体在称质量输送机上移动,质量传感器采集鱼体的质量信号,经调理电路处理后传送控制芯片进行储存、分析,计算鱼体的质量及等级;鱼体进入分级段鱼体输送机后,光电传感器将检测到的鱼体位置信号传送至控制芯片,控制系统根据鱼体质量等级以及鱼体位置触发分拨机构工作并执行鱼体分级操作。采用不同质量的砝码组对系统称质量装置的称量准确性进行验证。结果表明:当称质量输送机的运行速度设置为0.16~0.24 m/s时,称质量系统的误差范围小于±0.73%;通过试验对系统的分级速率和分级正确率进行验证,当称质量输送机速率设定为0.20 m/s,分级装置鱼体输送机速度设定为0.20~0.25 m/s时,系统对质量范围为300~3 000 g的淡水鱼鱼体设置分为4级,平均分级速率可达到26条/min,分级正确率为98%以上。     

虾类加工副产物制备虾青素的研究进展

文章介绍了从虾类加工副产物中提取和纯化虾青素的工艺技术.比较了不同前处理方式对虾青素提取效率的影响,并概括了高效液相色谱法和柱层析法纯化虾青素的相关技术.为天然虾青素的规模化生产提供理论依据.     

Toxicity of chlorine to different sizes of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in low-salinity shrimp pond water

An experiment was conducted, in a dark room with controlled temperature (27.3–28.4 °C), to determine the acute toxicity of chlorine concentration to black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon fabicus) of sizes 0.02 g, 2.75 g, 8.47 g and 23.65 g. Toxicity tests on each of these shrimp sizes were run in triplicate in glass jars under static conditions without media renewal. The concentration of active chlorine that killed 50% of the shrimp of each size after 24‐h exposure (LC₅₀‐24 h) was used as an indicator of acute toxicity. Chlorine concentrations applied in the shrimp toxicity test ranged from 2.0 to 14.5 mg L^?1 in shrimp pond water. As the test water contained total suspended solids of 22.0–85.0 mg L^?1 and total ammonia nitrogen of 0.18–0.40 mg L^?1, the resultant concentrations of combined residual chlorine ranged from 0.6 to 3.5 mg L^?1, which were the effective doses causing shrimp mortality. The test results showed that 24‐h LC₅₀ for average shrimp size at 0.02, 2.75, 8.47 and 23.65 g occurred in water containing combined residual chlorine at a concentration of 0.91, 1.39, 1.74 and 1.98 mg L^?1, for which the original application doses were 6.96, 2.05 11.50 and 13.34 mg L^?1 respectively.     

Dominant sources of dietary carbon and nitrogen for shrimp reared in extensive rice-shrimp ponds

Stable isotope analysis was used to determine the sources of dietary nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) for shrimp during the rearing phase in extensive rice‐shrimp ponds in My Xuyen and Gia Rai districts, Vietnam. Farm‐made feed was added as a food source in shrimp ponds in My Xuyen district, and based on stable isotope analyses, was generally a poor dietary source. The commercial formulated feed used in Gia Rai also appeared to contribute little directly to the nutritional needs of the shrimp. In contrast, the natural biota in all ponds appeared to contribute substantially. In particular, biota from beam trawls and benthic organic matter were the most likely sources of nutrition in My Xuyen ponds, while benthic organic matter was the main source in Gia Rai ponds. δ¹⁵N ratios in the natural biota in My Xuyen farms decreased over the growing season, suggesting increased N fixation in the case of the benthic organic matter reaching values as low as 1‰. This suggests N‐limitation in the ponds and that natural biota become increasingly dependent on N fixed by algae and/or other microorganisms. There is the potential to promote the growth of the plankton and hence, the other natural biota, by the judicious addition of fertilizer.     

凡纳滨对虾虾头自溶动力学

研究了温度、pH和底物浓度等对凡纳滨对虾虾头自溶过程的影响,以及自溶产物随自溶时间的变化规律:0～5h内自溶反应产物的溶出遵循一级反应速度方程:Y=39.496e-0.3913x,KP=-1.1464Y+59.506,Pe=-0.7167Y+32.551;溶出总蛋白和5000u以下自溶产物及残余蛋白之间存在很好的线性相关性;自溶过程中,温度、pH、固液比是影响自溶速率常数(Ka)的重要因素。自溶过程中,40～50℃温度范围内,Ka值随温度的升高而增大,50℃时Ka值达最大值,50～60℃,Ka值随温度的升高而减少;pH与固液比对Ka的影响不呈规律性,在pH9、固液比1∶3时Ka值分别达最大值。利用自溶速率常数的对数与绝对温度的倒数建立了Arrhenius方程LnKa=-13654/Tk+41.353,经此方程验证了所建立自溶动力学方程的有效性。在自溶初始阶段(0～1h),5000u以上自溶产物占较大比例,为58%,自溶2～3h5000u以下产物的比例增幅较快,3h时5000u以下产物达66.8%,自溶4～5h后5000u以下产物增加趋缓,为71.47%。自溶过程中,从0h到5h,大部分脂肪族氨基酸溶出2～8倍...