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1.
Kumiko TAKEDA Masahiro SATOH Shreeram P. NEOPANE Bahadur S. KUWAR Hari D. JOSHI Nanda P. SHRESTHA Hiroshi FUJISE Mariko TASAI Takahiro TAGAMI Hirofumi HANADA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(2):103-110
Dwarf Lulu cattle, the only Bos Taurus type of cattle in Nepal, are raised under severe environments in the mountainous zone of that country. In the present study, the body measurement traits, cytogenetic and molecular genetic characteristics of the Lulu cattle are investigated. Blood samples were collected from 31 animals in four villages (altitudes 2590–3550 m) in the southern part of Mustang. The Lulu cattle had a normal karyotype with 2n = 60, XY or XX. Only one male examined had a large submetacentric X‐chromosome and a small submetacentric taurine type Y‐chromosome. The mitochodrial DNA (mtDNA) genotypes were analyzed by PCR mediated restriction fragment length polymorphisms, displacement (D)‐loop region PCR mediated single strand conformation polymorphisms, and D‐loop region sequences. Many base substitutions were found in the D‐loop region, suggesting that the Lulu cattle originated from at least 10 maternal lines. Three types of mtDNA from these cattle were found, the Bos taurus type (n = 23), the Bos indicus type (n = 6), and the Bos grunniens type (n = 2). In the village at the lowest altitude, four of the five cows were of the Bos indicus type. These results indicated that mtDNA types of the Lulu cattle mostly belong to Bos taurus, but have been hybridized with Bos indicus cattle in lower‐elevation regions in their maternal lineage. 相似文献
2.
Feeding Solanum glaucophyllum to preparturient multiparous cows prevents postparturient hypocalcemia 下载免费PDF全文
Junichiro Ishii Akifumi Uramoto Yoshikazu Nagao Hisaya Goto 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(10):869-877
Solanum glaucophyllum (SG) contains 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25‐(OH)2D3) glycosides. We investigated the effect of SG on hypocalcemia in cows. Serum levels of 1,25‐(OH)2D3, total calcium and phosphorus dose‐relatedly increased after feeding with SG, while serum magnesium and chloride levels fell (P < 0.05). We also performed an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) infusion to induce artificial hypocalcemia. Cows that had been fed 4.0 mg/kg body weight of SG daily for 2 weeks had a higher serum concentration of total calcium at the end of EDTA infusion than those not fed SG (P < 0.05). In a field trial, multiparous cows were assigned to one of four groups: (1) no SG, (2) 1.3 g or (3) 2.6 g of SG daily from 14 days before the estimated calving day until 3 days after calving, or (4) a single feed of 35.75 g SG at 3 days before the estimated calving day. The concentrations of serum total calcium after the calving in each treatment group were (1) 7.4, (2) 7.9, (3) 8.0 and (4) 8.9 mg/dL and higher for (4) than for (1) (P < 0.05). The data suggests that feeding a high dose of SG before the calving may maintain higher concentrations of serum calcium after the calving. 相似文献
3.
Genetic analysis for sow stayability at different parities in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs
Shinichiro Ogawa Makoto Kimata Kazuo Ishii Yoshinobu Uemoto Masahiro Satoh 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13599
Genetic parameters for sow stayability were estimated from farrowing records of 10,295 Landrace sows and 8192 Large White sows. The record for sow stayability from parity k to parity k + 1 (k = 1, …, 6) was 0 when a sow had a farrowing record at parity k but not at parity k + 1, and 1 when a sow had both records. Heritability was estimated by using single-trait linear and threshold animal models. Genetic correlations among parities were estimated by using two-trait linear–linear and single-trait random regression linear animal models. Genetic correlations with litter traits at birth were estimated by using a two-trait linear–linear animal model. Heritability estimates by linear model analysis were low (0.065–0.119 in Landrace & 0.061–0.157 in Large White); those by threshold model analysis were higher (0.136–0.200 & 0.110–0.283). Genetic correlations among parities differed between breeds and models. Genetic correlation between sow stayability and number born alive was positive in many cases, implying that selection for number born alive does not reduce sow stayability. The results seem to be affected by decisions on culling made by farmers. 相似文献
4.
Dhakal IP Dhakal P Koshihara T Nagahata H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(12):1241-1245
A total of 355 Murrah cross buffaloes, consisting of 23 subclinical and 332 clinical mastitis cases brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal from 2002 to 2005, were analyzed to determine the organisms involved, the seasonal occurrence of mastitis, and antibiotic susceptibility of mastitis pathogens. Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) such as Staphylococcus albus and S. epidermidis were the predominant organisms associated with subclinical cases, and CNS and Coliforms in clinical cases. The maximum number (16%) of clinical cases of mastitis were observed in the month of July, when temperature and humidity are highest. The incidence of clinical mastitis was higher in animals during 1st calving and during the 1st month of parturition. Resistance to antibiotics was determined for 55, 23 and 149 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Coliforms, respectively. In vitro drug sensitivity testing revealed that enrofloxacin had the highest average sensitivity (91%) for all types of bacteria. The effectiveness of other drugs detected were gentamicin (87%), tetracycline (83%) and chloramphenicol (82%). The antibiogram showed that both gentamicin and enrofloxacin are slowly becoming resistant. Mastitis pathogens have developed resistance to ampicillin and penicillin. 相似文献
5.
Our previous study revealed that a fall in plasma progesterone (P(4)) level was associated with a transient increase in cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity and prostaglandin F(2)alpha level in the rat uterus and cervix during natural parturition. This study determined the changes in the PLA(2) activities during modulated occurrence of delivery by P(4) antagonist or agonist late in pregnancy. In rats undergoing P(4) antagonist-induced preterm delivery, the PLA(2) activities of both uterine and cervical cytosol significantly decreased 12 h after the challenge and tended to be attenuated within 72 h. The plasma P(4) level altered in a similar pattern. Blockade of delivery by chronic treatment with P(4) agonist was not associated with changes in uterine PLA(2) activity compared with that in normally delivering rats, although there was a persistent rise in cervical PLA(2) activity. The obtained data indicates that the PLA(2) activities in rat uterine and cervical cytosol are not regulated solely by P(4) and that delivery can occur without activation of this enzyme. 相似文献
6.
Haruhisa Fukada Takahiro Furutani Rie Shimizu Toshiro Masumoto 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):511-521
Beneficial utilization of yuzu (Citrus junos) peel was investigated to improve the commercial value of cultured yellowtail fish. The antioxidant effects of grated yuzu peel from pomace (yuzu paste) on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in sliced yellowtail fish were tested. Four diets were prepared, containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 g yuzu paste in a 1,450-g diet (wet basis). Fish were fed one of the four diets for 10 weeks. Growth performance was not significantly different among the dietary groups, but fish fed a diet containing 100-g yuzu paste showed the least average body weight and a significant increase in fecal amount and fat levels in the feces, which suggest low digestibility and low absorption. Dark muscle discoloration was significantly reduced in all yuzu dietary groups compared to the control group during storage at 4°C. The optimal supplementation of yuzu paste in the fish diet is very effective at maintaining fish flesh freshness as a finishing diet without causing additional phosphorus or nitrogen pollution of the sea and inhibiting fish growth. This study provides a new way to utilize waste yuzu peel, which also helps reduce waste from yuzu processing. 相似文献
7.
Itaru Shioya Koji Inoue Akihisa Abe Akira Takeshita Takahiro Yamaguchi 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(5):883-889
The meat quality of farmed yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata fed on extruded pellets (EP) containing 0.5% (v/v) red pepper (experimental group) was compared with yellowtail of the same
age fed on EP (control group). In 1-year-old yellowtail, the crude lipid content of the dorsal muscle of the experimental
group tended to be lower than that of the control group. In contrast, there was no difference in the lipid content of the
dorsal muscle between the control group and the experimental group in 2-year-old yellowtail. The muscle texture of the experimental
group was significantly firmer than that of the control group, with the effect of red pepper unrelated to fish age and lipid
content. Color change of red muscle of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and
the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the red muscle was significantly lower in the experimental group
than in the control group. These results are the first to demonstrate that the inclusion of red pepper in the diet is able
to reduce the loss of muscle texture firmness and to slow down color change in red muscle of yellowtail. 相似文献
8.
Takahashi K Lou XF Ishii Y Hattori M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(6):2044-2049
Lysozyme-glucose stearic acid monoester (HEL-GE) conjugate was prepared through the Maillard reaction as an antibacterial emulsifier. The molar ratio of GE to HEL was 1:1. The isoelectric point was 6-7, which is lower than that of native HEL. Spectroscopic studies indicated that the alpha-helix content was slightly lower but the conformation around Trp had not changed and that the surface of the conjugate was covered with the GE moiety. The conjugate maintained approximately 53-57% of the enzymatic activity of native HEL at 40-60 degrees C and exhibited considerable resistance to proteolysis. The denaturation temperature of the conjugate was approximately 74 degrees C, somewhat higher than that of control HEL, whereas the enthalpy was about one-third of that of control HEL. The emulsifying activity of the conjugate and the emulsion stability were much enhanced compared to those of native HEL, and the conjugate maintained approximately 70% of the bactericidal activity. 相似文献
9.
Temporal shifts in diversity and quantity of nirS and nirK in a rice paddy field soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Megumi Yoshida Satoshi Ishii Shigeto Otsuka Keishi Senoo 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(10):2044-2051
Denitrification is an important part of the nitrogen cycle in the environment, and diverse bacteria, archaea, and fungi are known to have denitrifying ability. Rice paddy field soils have been known to have strong denitrifying activity, but the microbes responsible for denitrification in rice paddy field soils are not well known. Present study analyzed the diversity and quantity of the nitrite reductase genes (nirS and nirK) in a rice paddy field soil, sampled four times in one rice-growing season. Clone library analyses suggested that the denitrifier community composition varied over sampling time. Although many clones were distantly related to the known NirS or NirK, some clones were related to the NirS from Burkholderiales and Rhodocyclales bacteria, and some were related to the NirK from Rhizobiales bacteria. These denitrifiers may play an important role in denitrification in the rice paddy field soil. The quantitative PCR results showed that nirK was more abundant than nirS in all soil samples, but the nirK/nirS ratio decreased after water logging. These results suggest that both diversity and quantity changed over time in the rice paddy field soil, in response to the soil condition. 相似文献
10.
Sheikh Muhammad Masum Mohammad Amzad Hossain Hikaru Akamine Jun‐Ichi Sakagami Takahiro Ishii Ichiro Nakamura Md. Asaduzzaman Prasanta Chitta Bhowmik 《Weed Biology and Management》2019,19(2):39-50
This study aimed to identify the potential allelopathic indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) varieties from Bangladesh using a performance study in a weed‐infested field and to assess the extent of allelopathic interference relative to resource competition in a glasshouse experiment. Six varieties – namely, “Boterswar,” “Goria,” “Biron” and “Kartiksail” as the most allelopathic, “Hashikolmi” as weakly allelopathic and “Holoi” as nonallelopathic – were raised following a nonweed control method. The infestation levels of weed species were calculated using Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI), which ranged from 0.2 to 0.56. However, a significant correlation coefficient (0.87, P < 0.001) was obtained from these field data compared with the root inhibition percentage from the laboratory bioassay, and the “Boterswar” variety was the most allelopathic. The interactions between the allelopathic variety “Boterswar,” weakly allelopathic variety “Hashikolmi” and Echinochloa oryzicola via a target (rice)‐adjacent (E. oryzicola) cogrowth culture were determined in a hydroponic arrangement. The relative competitive intensity (RCI) and the relative neighbor effect (RNE) values showed that the crop–weed interaction was facilitation for “Boterswar” and competition for “Hashikolmi” and E. oryzicola in rice/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures. The allelopathic effects of “Boterswar” were much higher than the resource competition in rice/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures. The converse was observed for “Hashikolmi.” Moreover, the mineral content of E. oryzicola was severely affected by “Boterswar”/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures’ exudate solution. Therefore, the allelopathic potential of “Boterswar” variety might be useful for developing the weed‐suppressing capacity of rice, which will likely have a significant influence on paddy weed control. 相似文献