牛腮腺囊肿的手术治疗和化学清创术

本文报告了三头牛的腮腺囊肿,并叙述和讨论了其化学疗法及手术疗法。     

印度北部西瓦里克山区的重要草种—龙须草

作者从事龙须草研究30余年,研究结果表明龙须草具有良好的水土保持特性和极高的经济利用价值。①一般特性:龙须草广泛分布于印度北部(喜玛拉雅山脚)海拔300～500m 层段,属该地本生资源。用于造纸始于1870年,现年均造纸用草量80万吨。它能在各种类型土壤及各种地形地貌上生长良好。可与西瓦里克山脉的许多经济林木套作。②生物学与栽培学习性:龙须草一年两次结籽,但以四五月籽生活力强,种耔繁殖有直播与育苗两种,也可分蔸繁殖。田间定植密度以4万蔸/hm~2为宜,株行距50cm×50cm,田间除草仅需定植当年两次,次年一次即可,每公倾施 N、P_2O_5各40kg 可增产9.42t,比对照增加40%。③生态学意义:强大的根承与茂密的地上部分既固着土壤又保蓄雨水,即使在陡峭山坡地也能有效地减少水土漉失。在缓坡地农田每隔30m 种植一条1m 宽的龙须草有助于坡自然形成相对平整的梯田,土壤面积的损失可由龙须草得到补偿。在田埂上种植有利于加固田埂.防洪水冲垮。④经济学意义:龙须草纤维素含量54.52%,适于制做高级书写纸与印刷纸,制浆收获率40%;用于制绳、编织使许多山民以此为生,成绳率80%,为山村剩余劳力提供了大量的就业机会。总之,其无与伦比的生态、经济价值使它在北部西瓦里克地区具有十分突出的地位,对此我们应给予充分重视。     

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the canine larynx

An 11-year-old, female, spayed cocker spaniel was presented with dysphonia caused by a solitary laryngeal mass. Excisional biopsy was performed, and a diagnosis of plasmacytoma was made on the basis of histological examination. Further investigations showed no signs of systemic involvement. Coarse fractionated radiation therapy failed to control the tumour. Therapy was successfully instituted with a conventional combination chemotherapy protocol over a period of 14 months. The dog remains disease free 30 months after diagnosis. Most solitary, extramedullary plasmacytomas in dogs arise in the gastrointestinal tract, with fewer reports in other sites. The larynx is an uncommon sight of involvement in any species, and to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of this tumour type in the canine larynx. In contrast to the therapeutic benefits reported in humans, the combination of surgery and radiation therapy was unsuccessful in this case, although sustained remission was gained following chemotherapy.     

Duplex gall bladder associated with choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, gall bladder rupture and septic peritonitis in a cat

A 10-year-old cat was presented with a history of inappetence, pyrexia and weight loss. Clinical investigations showed anaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, septic peritonitis and a double gall bladder with choleliths in an extrahepatic duct. Initial medical stabilisation was performed. At laparotomy, a duplex gall bladder with two separate cystic ducts was identified. The left gall bladder was thickened and had ruptured at the apex. Multiple choleliths were identified in the left cystic duct. The right gall bladder and cystic duct were grossly normal. The ruptured gall bladder was repaired, the gallstones were removed via a choledochotomy of the left cystic duct and a choledochoduodenostomy was created from the dilated left cystic duct. The cat remained depressed and anorexic, and it was euthanased 72 hours postoperatively at the owners' request. This is the first ante-mortem investigation of extrahepatic biliary disease associated with gall bladder duplication in the cat.     

Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions

Humans continue to transform the global nitrogen cycle at a record pace, reflecting an increased combustion of fossil fuels, growing demand for nitrogen in agriculture and industry, and pervasive inefficiencies in its use. Much anthropogenic nitrogen is lost to air, water, and land to cause a cascade of environmental and human health problems. Simultaneously, food production in some parts of the world is nitrogen-deficient, highlighting inequities in the distribution of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Optimizing the need for a key human resource while minimizing its negative consequences requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach and the development of strategies to decrease nitrogen-containing waste.     

Retrograde ejaculation in a stallion

Retrograde ejaculation was diagnosed in a 10-year-old Arabian stallion. Despite behavioral signs consistent with ejaculation, the collection receptacle of an artificial vagina remained devoid of semen on numerous occasions. Catheterization of the urinary bladder yielded large numbers of spermatozoa, even when an ejaculate was obtained, whereas low numbers (< 1 X 10(6)/ml) of spermatozoa are found in the bladder of clinically normal stallions after ejaculation. Endoscopic examination of the urethra, seminal colliculus, and bladder failed to reveal abnormalities. Medical treatment with imipramine hydrochloride apparently resulted in improvement initially, but was not curative. Further diagnostic and treatment measures were declined and the stallion was castrated. For stallions that seemingly fail to ejaculate or for ejaculates that contain lower seminal volumes or numbers of spermatozoa than expected, obtaining a urine sample after ejaculation via bladder catheterization is a simple diagnostic procedure that may be used to investigate the possibility of retrograde ejaculation.