糖苷水解酶家族基因AghyGH1a参与莲草直胸跳甲对皂苷的代谢

为了解植物化合防御物质皂苷对专食性天敌莲草直胸跳甲Agasicles hygrophila的防御作用,测定莲草直胸跳甲2龄幼虫取食皂苷后的排泄和肠道变化,利用转录组测序筛选参与皂苷代谢的候选基因,并采用 RNA 干扰技术鉴定候选基因功能。结果发现,取食皂苷导致莲草直胸跳甲幼虫排泄量增加,肠道畸变,排泄量与取食皂苷浓度正相关。转录组测序发现,与对照相比,取食 100 mmol/L皂苷处理的莲草直胸跳甲幼虫肠道有496条差异表达基因,其中261个上调基因和235个下调基因。GO分类和KEGG分类分析发现糖苷水解酶家族1（glycoside hydrolase family1,GH1）基因集中在碳水化合物水解通路。利用RNA干扰技术鉴定发现,莲草直胸跳甲AghyGH1a基因沉默可导致幼虫取食皂苷后排泄量增加,肠道内容物颜色更暗沉。表明莲草直胸跳甲AghyGH1a参与皂苷代谢。     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

当前我国兽医工作进展情况及今后工作设想

当前兽医工作进展情况 1兽医管理体制改革深入推进（1）中央级兽医机构改革完成2004年7月14日,农业部成立兽医局,并设立国家首席兽医师（官）,组建了中国动物疫病预防控制中心、中国动物卫生与流行病学中心以及北京、上海、兰州、哈尔滨四个分中心,在中国兽医药品监察所设立农业部兽药评审中心。     

锡林郭勒盟草原莱姆病疫源地调查

本项研究于2000年5月—2001年5月从内蒙古锡林郭勒盟地区，不同草原景现带牛、羊体表和草地采集草原血蝉1800只，用直接荧光抗体法检查蜱带菌情况，带菌率为7.5%(6/80)。晴视野显微镜检查蜱带菌情况，带菌率为2%（2/100）；用间接荧光法进行血清流行病学调查，结果证实，调查点的牛和野鼠均存在莱姆病螺旋体感染，其感染率分别为10%和20%，都高于当地人群平均感染率（7.09%)，上述研究证实内蒙古锡林郭勒盟地区人畜及野生动物均有莱姆病螺旋体感染。     

两个海大香肉鸡品系屠宰性能与肉质性状的比较

以在相同条件下饲养的72日龄海大香Ⅱ号鸡、海大香特Ⅱ号鸡为研究对象,测定其屠宰性能及部分肉质指标.结果表明:两品系产肉性能均良好,Ⅱ号鸡和特Ⅱ号鸡的屠宰率平均为90.99%及89.72%,全净膛率平均为69.90%及67.78%;无论在两品系间还是性别间,肌间脂宽、皮下脂厚、腹脂率以及胸腿肌含脂率等各项脂肪指标皆差异不显著(P＞0.05);特Ⅱ号鸡(慢速生长)的脂肪沉积能力要比Ⅱ号鸡(中速生长)高;两品系的胸腿肌肉含脂率均表现为母鸡比公鸡高的趋势;无论在两品系间还是性别间,胸腿肌失水率及蒸煮损失率皆差异不显著(P＞0.05);同一样本中,胸肌失水率大于腿肌,腿肌的蒸煮损失率大于胸肌.     

郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎治疗效果的研究

为了研究郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎的治疗效果,从张家口顺德猪场选取患有传染性胃肠炎的成年长白猪20头,随机分为郁金散加减方低剂量组、郁金散加减方高剂量组、西药组和对照组,每组各5头。郁金散加减方组每天灌服郁金散方剂,早晚各1次,低、高剂量组分别按6、7mL/kg体重给药;西药组每天灌服金刚乙胺,颈部皮下注射氟苯尼考,早晚各1次;对照组正常饲喂,不给药。7d后观察临床症状和生长性能,测定血常规、血清生化指标、血清免疫指标及抗氧化指标。结果表明:郁金散加减方组和西药组病猪反应灵敏,体温正常,进食量增加,粪便恢复正常。低、高剂量组和西药组治愈率分别为80%、90%和60%,郁金散加减方的治疗效果优于西药治疗。与对照组相比,高剂量组能极显著提高猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),极显著降低料重比(P<0.01);3个给药组均能极显著降低血尿素氮(BUN)、丙二醛(MDA)和白细胞数量(WBC)(P<0.01),极显著提高血清钾(K)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),但3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);高剂量组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于低剂量组、西药组和对照组(P<0.01)。表明郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎有较好的治疗效果,其中郁金散加减方高剂量组效果更好。     

Acaricidal activity of extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against the larvae of the rabbit mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in vitro

The acaricidal activity of the petroleum ether extract, the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae was tested in vitro. A complementary log-log (CLL) model was used to analyze the data of the toxicity tests. The results showed that at all test time points, the petroleum ether extract demonstrated the highest activity against the larvae of S. scabiei var. cuniculi, while the activities of the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract were similar. The activities of both the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract against the larvae showed the relation of time and concentration dependent. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the petroleum ether extract (1.3muL/mL) was about three times that of the chloroform extract (4.1muL/mL) at 24h post-treatment. At the concentrations of 500.0muL/mL, the median lethal time (LT(50)) of the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract was 8.4 and 9.6h, respectively.     

湖南省芷江侗族自治县乡村兽医现状及发展探讨

乡村兽医是经登记在乡村从事动物诊疗服务活动的人员。近年来,基层动物疫病增多,疫情较为复杂,影响了畜牧业健康、有序的发展,因此,建立一支专业技术强、诊疗水平高的乡村兽医队伍显得尤为重要。为了适应执业兽医体制和乡村兽医改革,通过调查芷江侗族自治县的畜牧业产业结构,乡村兽医人员学历结构、专业技能水平、继续教育现状、经济收入来源等信息,发现乡村兽医存在一些较突出的问题,并就其现状及发展进行了探讨。     

返滴定法测定蜂胶中游离酸含量

建立测定蜂胶品中游离酸含量的方法.采用弱碱溶解蜂胶再酸化萃取的方法纯化样品,用返滴法测定,以水杨酸作为对照品检测样品中游离酸含量.结果测定了5个不同产地的蜂胶样品,游离酸含量在1.89～6.54%范围内,回收率为99.30%.本方法操作简单,重现性好,有助于蜂胶质量的鉴别.