Rotavirus infection in calves in Bangladesh

Faecal samples from 434 calves under 1 year of age (307 diarrhoeal and 127 normal) were collected from three dairy farms and one village in selected areas of Bangladesh. The samples were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the presence of rotavirus antigen. Of 402 dairy calves tested, 28 (7.0%) were positive, of which 21 (7.2%) were from diarrhoeic calves and 7 (6.3%) from non-diarrhoeic calves. Rotavirus infection varied from farm to farm (2.7–9.2%) and there was no positive response from any of the 32 village calves. Rotavirus was most commonly found in calves of 1 week of age or less (up to 22.2% in one group) but was not found in any calves later than 6 months of age. More than 80% of rotavirus-positive samples from diarrhoeic calves exhibited a titre of 128 or more (geometric mean 345±4.5), whereas non-diarrhoeal calves had titres less than or equal to 128 (geometric mean=29±1.9), suggesting that rotavirus infection in calves in Bangladesh was mostly associated with diarrhoea.     

真核表达载体构建表达ＰＲＶ闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区片段的重组质粒

根据伪狂犬病病毒闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区的序列与身份种真核表达载体pPICZaA、pAcGP67A序列与特性分别设计了两对ＰＣＲ引物。通过ＰＣＲ方法扩增到了两端具有不同酶切位点的gE基因表位抗原编码片段。将这２个片段分别克隆到pPICZaA与pAcGP67A载体，转化大肠杆菌ＴＯＰ１０菌档及ＸＬ１－Ｂlue菌株，获得了含伪狂犬病病毒闽Ａ株gE基因表位抗原编码区的重组质粒pICZaA-FS与pAcGP67A-FS。序测定结果显示两个重组质粒中插入片段的大小与方向均正确。     

Prevalence of Leptospira serogroup-specific antibodies in cattle associated with reproductive problems in endemic states of India

Tropical Animal Health and Production - In this study, the seroprevalence and distribution of Leptospira in dairy cattle in endemic states of India were investigated in association with...     

Comparison of structural diversity of tree-crop associations in Peripheral and Buffer zones of Gachabari Sal forest area,Bangladesh

The structural diversity of different tree-crop associations were studied at Gachabari Sal forest area of Madhupur Garh on Buffer and Peripheral Zone during 2006. The total density, basal area of trees in the Buffer and Peripheral Zone were 155.5 trees·hm^-2, 795.4 trees·hm^-2 and 3.9 m^2·hm^-2, 5.8 m^2·hm^-2, respectively. No regeneration and natural trees were found in Peripheral Zone and the Zone is totally occupied by exotic species where the Buffer Zone comprised of both natural and exotic trees. The Peripheral Zone belonged to younger and smaller trees whereas the Buffer Zone belonged to mixture of smaller, taller, younger and mature trees simultaneously. For the practicing of different agroforestry systems both Zones have lost their original characters of Sal forest.     

水黄皮叶斑病的成因、严重性及杀菌剂防止

对孟加拉国4个苗圃(IFES、IFESCU、BFRI和ANC)内水黄皮叶斑病症状和严重性进行了调查,结果表明:IFESCU苗圃内叶斑病侵染率及致病指标最高、BFRI次之、ANC最低.与叶斑病相关联的组织从发病植株分离出来,被分离的真菌形成致病性.结果证实胶孢炭疽菌即为致病菌.观察了杧果炭疽病菌丝体生长抑制性并对杀菌剂(Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45) 有效性和浓度(0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 和 2.00%)进行了鉴定.0.05% Bavistin和Cupravite潜伏8天后,菌丝体生长分别处于最低和最高水平.结果表明:Bavistin杀菌效果最好、Diathane M-45次之,Cupravite对菌丝体生长的抑制作用最低.图1表4参27.     

酒糟生物炭与化肥配施对土壤理化特性及作物产量的影响

【目的】以酿酒废弃物(酒糟)为原料热解制备可燃气体和生物炭,研究生物炭对土壤及作物产量的影响,为酒糟的无害化处理与资源化利用,以及合理施用生物炭提供理论依据。【方法】利用电子显微镜观察比较400°C、480°C和600°C裂解得到的生物炭表面结构,分析其理化性质。在四川泸州设置油菜–高粱轮作田间试验,研究不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)和化肥与生物炭配施(CF+BC)处理的作物产量和土壤理化性质及生物学性状。【结果】在480°C热裂解条件下,酒糟生物炭的表面孔隙结构最佳,pH 10.1,阳离子交换较大(33.41cmol/kg),保蓄了较多的碳、氮、磷、钾,理化性质最优。在CF+BC处理中,田间土壤碳含量增加,土壤微生物生物量碳氮提高,蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性及有效氮、磷、钾含量显著高于或相似于CF,说明部分生物炭能被微生物利用,促进其生长繁殖,增强土壤酶活,提高土壤养分的生物有效性。与单施化肥相比,化肥配施生物炭使油菜和高粱产量分别增加9.3%和9.5%,油菜磷和钾的经济效率分别提高15.1%和30.7%。【结论】采用480℃低温热裂解制备的酒糟生物炭理化性质优良,与化肥配施有利于提高油菜...     

热解温度对玉米芯生物炭碳结构、灰分与吸附四环素的影响

生物炭灰分和碳结构在抗生素吸附过程中的影响尚不明确。本文以玉米芯为原料,在300~800 ℃下热解制备生物炭（CBCs）及除灰分生物炭（CBCs_AW）,研究热解温度对生物炭灰分和碳结构的影响,探究灰分和碳形态与四环素（TC）吸附行为之间的关系。结果表明,随着热解温度升高,生物炭的碳结构由未完全碳化有机质（300 ℃）逐渐转化为石墨碳结构（800 ℃）,吸附实验结果显示CBC800_AW的吸附量最大,证实石墨碳结构是促进TC吸附量增加的重要因素。CBCs_AW对TC吸附量高于CBCs,说明灰分对TC吸附有一定抑制作用。分析TC吸附性能与生物炭理化性质的相关性,结果显示吸附量与生物炭比表面积、孔体积、芳香性和石墨化程度相关性较高,推测TC的主要吸附机理为孔隙填充作用和π-π电子供体-受体相互作用。研究结果可为生物质资源化利用和抗生素污染修复提供科学依据。     

刈割对龙葵生长和富集镉的影响及其机理

通过盆栽实验,研究了25mg·kg-1镉胁迫下刈割对超富集植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)再生长能力和富集镉效果的影响。结果表明留茬30cm轻度刈割,新芽再生速度较快,留茬15cm深度刈割处理的再生速度则相对较慢,二者差异显著,但相对于对照来说刈割处理都能显著提高龙葵的生物量和生长速率。通过对不同时期龙葵体内的镉积累量的比较,发现刈割能有效提高龙葵富集镉的能力。刈割是提高龙葵对镉污染土壤修复效率的一种策略。     

嗜水气单胞菌感染翘嘴鳜头肾转录组分析

嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)是严重危害翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)养殖生产的主要病原之一,为揭示嗜水气单胞菌感染翘嘴鳜后宿主基因表达水平的变化,筛选免疫相关基因,解析翘嘴鳜应答病原细菌感染的分子机制,本研究以病原嗜水气单胞菌感染翘嘴鳜,于感染24 h后,采集感染组与对照组翘嘴鳜头肾组织,采用Illumina Hiseq 2000进行了RNA-Seq分析,原始数据拼接后组装共获得53 040个单基因(unigene)。基因差异表达分析结果显示,感染组和未感染组翘嘴鳜存在526个差异表达基因,包括254个上调基因和272个下调基因,其中,免疫相关的显著上调的差异基因主要有炎症和免疫原性细胞因子白介素、补体系统、MHCⅠ型抗原提呈、溶菌酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子、泛素蛋白连接酶等。GO富集分析发现,差异基因主要涉及免疫应答反应和炎症反应等,经KEGG富集分析显示,89个通路富集显著,免疫相关的代谢通路主要有内吞作用和吞噬体等。此外,实时荧光定量PCR验证结果表明,所选取7个差异表达免疫相关基因与RNA-seq结果具有相似的表达趋势。本研究为揭示翘嘴鳜对病原微生物感染的防御分子机制奠定了理论基础。