不同规格野生黄鳍金枪鱼肌肉营养分析与评价

探究不同规格黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)肌肉营养成分及品质差异,实验以野捕的 3种规格黄鳍金枪鱼J1 (4.2±1.2) kg、J2 (22.5±2.5) kg和J3 (50.8±3.9) kg为研究对象,通过常规生化分析方法对金枪鱼肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸及矿物质元素进行比较分析。结果显示,(1) J1组水分含量显著高于J2、J3组;J2、J3组粗蛋白含量显著高于J1组(P<0.05);J3组粗脂肪含量显著高于J1、J2组(P<0.05)。(2)检出19种常见氨基酸,氨基酸含量最高的为谷氨酸(3.04~ 3.25 g/100 g),必需氨基酸中含量最高的为赖氨酸(2.02~2.15 g/100 g),最低的为色氨酸(0.31~ 0.45 g/100 g)。非必需氨基酸含量J3>J2>J1 (P<0.05);必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量J1组显著低于J3组(P<0.05)。依据氨基酸评分(AAS),缬氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸;以化学评分(CS)为评分标准,J1、J2组第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,J3组为苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸。(3)各组共检出25种脂肪酸,以多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为主,含量最高的为二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),占总脂肪酸含量的37.46%~39.18%。DHA含量J3组显著高于J1、J2组;二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量J2、J3组显著高于J1组;DHA∶EPA比值J1组显著高于J2、J3组(P<0.05)。单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量J3>J2>J1;PUFA含量J3组显著高于J1、J2组(P<0.05)。PUFA/饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、n-3系多不饱和脂肪酸/n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3/n-6)比值J2、J3组显著高于J1组(P<0.05)。h/H比值J3组显著高于J1、J2组(P<0.05)。(4) J2、J3组Na、Ca含量显著高于J1组,J1组K含量最高且显著高于J2、J3组(P<0.05)。4种重金属元素均低于食品中建议的最大允许限量,其中Fe含量最大的为J3组,且J3>J2>J1 (P<0.05);Cu含量最大的为J3组,且显著高于J1组(P<0.05)。综合分析,大规格黄鳍金枪鱼具有更好的营养质量,本研究为居民膳食的选择及黄鳍金枪鱼人工配合饲料的配制提供了科学依据。     

红鳞蒲桃苗木生长和生理生化特征对不同盐分和干旱胁迫的响应

以1年生红鳞蒲桃盆栽苗木为研究对象,设置不同盐胁迫浓度及干旱程度,研究盐旱交互作用对红鳞蒲桃苗木的高、地径生长和各项生理指标的影响。结果表明：干旱和盐胁迫都抑制了红鳞蒲桃的生长,盐胁迫的影响要大于干旱胁迫,高生长受到的限制大于地径生长,2 g/kg盐分浓度在水分充足条件下促进了地径生长。相对电导率和丙二醛含量均随着干旱和盐胁迫的增强而增大。不同盐分浓度下,干旱胁迫对相对电导率的影响趋势一致,不同盐分胁迫的影响差异不显著。高盐浓度下丙二醛含量的增加显著大于低盐浓度,表明盐胁迫对红鳞蒲桃的伤害更大;红鳞蒲桃的渗透调节物质在干旱和盐交互胁迫下有一定程度的提高。水分充足时,盐分浓度的变化没有对红鳞蒲桃的游离脯氨酸含量产生影响。随着胁迫的增加,渗透调节能力显著提高。低盐浓度下,抗氧化酶活性在水分充足时没有受到显著影响,高盐浓度下,随着干旱胁迫的加剧则显著提高。     

燕麦在法库县种植推广的可行性探讨

介绍燕麦的营养价值及其市场前景,阐述法库县在土质、气候、地理环境、人文环境等方面种植燕麦的条件优势,通过对比种植燕麦与玉米的经济收益,探索燕麦在法库县种植的潜力。     

基于超星学习通的混合式教学模式应用研究—— 以发酵工程课程为例

为了提高发酵工程课程的教学质量和教学效果,针对发酵工程课程的内容和特点,将互联网+技术与教学相结合,进行了基于超星学习通平台的混合式线上线下教学方式的改革,结果表明:在增强了学生自主学习能力的同时,也促进了教师的自我提升.     

人工感染猪附红细胞体病的病理组织学研究

为观察昆明小鼠人工感染猪附红细胞体后的病理组织学变化。用常规病理学方法,对6只腹腔注射感染猪附红细胞体的小鼠进行病理解剖学和病理组织学研究,光镜下观察并描述小鼠红细胞感染附红细胞体后的形态变化。剖检可见主要器官和皮下瘀血,胸腹部皮下脂肪黄染,病理组织学变化的主要特征是心、肝、脾、肺、肾等主要脏器实质细胞变性、坏死,毛细血管扩张充血、出血,脾窦内含铁血黄素沉着。结果表明,猪附红细胞体感染小鼠模型的成功建立,镜下红细胞的形态特征及主要器官剖检和病理组织学变化与文献报道的猪附红细胞致病特征基本吻合,存在的差异可能与不同地域猪附红细胞体病原株致病性有关。     

单细胞转录组测序技术及其在肌内脂肪细胞研究中的应用

单细胞转录组测序(single-cell RNA sequencing, scRNA-seq)技术在单细胞水平对转录组进行测序,可从表达量、细胞量及细胞组成等多种角度描述样本,主要包括单细胞分离、mRNA反转录、文库构建、转录组测序和数据分析等步骤。单细胞分离是scRNA-seq技术操作的第一步,常用的细胞分离方法有连续稀释法、显微操作法、荧光激活流式细胞术、激光捕获显微切割术和微流控技术。基于不同细胞捕获、cDNA扩增和文库构建开发了许多scRNA-seq方法,如CEL-seq2、Drop-seq、MARS-seq、SCRB-seq、Smart-seq、Smart-seq2等。与传统测序方法相比,scRNA-seq可识别单个细胞的基因表达信息、记录细胞的空间位置、跟踪不同细胞谱系在分化过程中的轨迹,这为研究难以大量提取的肌内脂肪细胞分子特异性和发生分化过程带来极大便利。作者简要介绍了scRNA-seq技术的关键步骤,比较分析了单细胞分离和转录组测序方法的优缺点,综述了肌内脂肪细胞的起源以及scRNA-seq在肌内脂肪细胞的亚群和标记基因鉴定以及细胞分化轨迹追踪中的应用,以期为肌内脂肪...     

The effect of photoperiod and melatonin on plasma prolactin concentrations in female guanaco (Lama guanicoe) in captivity

The present study examined the effects of different photoperiods and melatonin treatment on plasma prolactin concentrations in guanacos, a South American camelid, in captivity. Fourteen adult female guanacos, not gestating or lactating and isolated from males, were studied. The control group was exposed to natural daylight, during short days (N = 7, 10L:14D) and long days (N = 7, 16L:8D). The treatment group (N = 7, 10L:14D) received melatonin implants every 23 days for 6 weeks during long days. Blood samples were taken at intervals of 1 week for 3 weeks, starting the third week of treatment. Prolactin concentrations were measured using competitive ELISA. Plasma concentrations of prolactin in non-lactating female guanacos have seasonal changes, with a higher concentration (p < .001) in short days (3.50 ± 2.24 ng/ml) than long days (1.10 ± 0.91 ng/ml). Melatonin treatment significantly decreases (p < .05) plasma concentrations of prolactin on the 21st day after the treatment. These findings are the first report of an endogenous circannual rhythm of plasma prolactin concentration and the action of melatonin treatment on prolactin secretion in this wild camelid.     

纳米氧化锌对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究纳米氧化锌对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能的影响.选用1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡192只,随机分为4个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡.以添加硫酸锌(含锌80 mg/kg)的口粮为对照组,即A组,添加含锌40、80、120 mg/kg的3个纳米氧化锌水平组为试验组,即B、C、D组,试验期6周.试验结果表明:40 mg/kg锌添加水平的纳米氧化锌组能够显著提高(21、42 d)肉仔鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05、P<0.01),极显著提高(21、42 d)血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01、P<0.01),减少(21 d)血清中一氧化氮(NO)生成(P<0.05).80 mg/kg锌添加水平的纳米氧化锌组能够极显著提高(42 d)肉仔鸡血清中GSH-Px活性(P<0.01),显著提高(42 d)肝组织中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和T-AOC活性(P<0.05、P<0.01),极显著提高(21 d)血清中T-AOC(P<0.01),减少(21、42 d)血清中NO生成(P<0.05、P<0.01),并能提高(42 d)血清抑制羟自由基能力(P<0.05),提高(21 d)肝组织中抗超氧阴离子自由基活性(P<0.05).由此可知,日粮添加纳米氧化锌可在一定程度上提高肉仔鸡机体的抗氧化性能,增强抗氧化酶活性,降低自由基的产生,以40、80 mg/kg添加量效果较佳.     

Culture system and long-term storage of culture media in the in vitro production of bovine embryos

The optimum culture system for in vitro matured and fertilised oocytes still remains to be clarified. Culture media (CM) for mammalian embryos are routinely prepared fresh for use and preserved under refrigeration during one or two weeks. The purposes of this work were (1) to compare the efficiency of a synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) with two different bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentrations (3 and 8 g/L) for the in vitro production of bovine blastocysts, (2) to test the effect of timing on adding fetal calf serum (FCS) to the SOF, and (3) to evaluate the effects on bovine embryo development of freezing and lyophilisation as procedures for preserving the SOF. Supplementation of SOF with 3 g/L BSA increased Day-7 blastocyst expansion rates (18.3 ± 1.6 vs. 14.4 ± 0.7; P < 0.05), although no differences in hatching rates were found. Addition of FCS to SOFaa (SOF with amino acids) medium supplemented with sodium citrate (SOFaaci) at 48 and at 72 h post-insemination (PI) allowed obtaining higher Day-6 embryo development rates than when FCS was added at 18 or 96 h PI (Day-6 morulae + blastocyst rate: 30.0 ± 1.1, 40.8 ± 1.1, 43.9 ± 2.3 and 39.3 ± 0.5 for FCS addition at 18, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively). Hatching rates were significantly improved when serum was added at 72 h PI. Finally, both refrigeration and lyophilisation appeared as useful cryopreservation procedures for SOFaaci, although a significant loss of its ability to support embryo development, compared to the control fresh culture medium, was observed.     

日粮鱼油对高脂日粮饲喂小鼠发情周期和机体产热的影响

本研究旨在探讨鱼油对高脂日粮饲喂小鼠发情周期和机体代谢产热的影响.试验选用36只4周龄C57BL/6 J雌性小鼠,随机分成3组(n=12):对照组、高脂组和高脂+鱼油组.对照组饲喂标准啮齿动物饲料(AIN-93G),高脂组和高脂+鱼油组分别饲喂高脂日粮(脂肪提供60％能量)和添加5％鱼油(等能替代猪油)的高脂日粮.试验...