Anesthesia for neonatal foals

A brief discussion of those aspects of neonatal physiology that pertain to anesthetic risk and selection of anesthetic techniques is followed by discussion of suggested techniques for anesthetic management in healthy foals. Preoperative preparation and management of foals with selected serious surgical conditions are also considered.     

梯形渠道跌水口量水的试验研究

跌水是一种较为常见的渠系建筑物,当水流经过跌水口时必然产生缓流向急流的过渡。在梯形渠道上通过2种不同的连接渐变段(扭面与隔墙)以及不同的堰厚和缺口宽度组合,进行了系统的跌水口量水试验,应用量纲分析法建立了2种连接渐变段在不同堰厚下的流量公式,得出流量计算的平均相对误差最大值为3.002%。     

硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系质膜、液泡膜酶活性的影响

研究硅对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及根细胞质膜H^＋-ATPase、液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫严重抑制黄瓜幼苗生长,根细胞质膜H^＋-ATPase、液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase和Ca^2＋-ATPase活性明显降低。硅处理明显提高盐胁迫黄瓜根液泡膜H^＋-ATPase、H^＋-PPase、Ca^2＋-ATPase活性,一定程度上维持了液泡膜质子泵活性,有效地防御了细胞质酸化,这可能是硅提高黄瓜耐盐性的一个重要因素。     

Carbon kinetics of milk formation in Holstein cows in late lactation

Carbon transfer to milk in Holstein cows in late lactation was measured by introducing changes in the natural stable carbon isotope composition of the feed. Six Holstein cows in mid-lactation were placed on a diet naturally low in 13C (-25.0% vs Pee Dee belemnite [PDB] an international carbon isotope standard), based on alfalfa-barley, and six others were placed on a diet naturally enriched in 13C (-11.5% vs PDB), based on corn. After a 7-wk equilibration period on these diets, three cows were switched from alfalfa-barley to corn, and three were switched from corn to alfalfa-barley. The three other cows in each group served as controls. 13C/12C ratios were measured in daily morning milk samples during the week before and for 6 wk after the changes in diet. After the diets had been switched, milk isotope ratios rapidly approached the isotopic composition of the new diet, indicating rapid transfer of dietary carbon into milk. The data were consistent with a model whereby milk was synthesized from a single precursor pool that responded rapidly to dietary perturbation. The milk precursor pool had a half-life of approximately .9 d and had a mass of approximately 7 kg of carbon, which was renewed daily by the entry of 5 kg of digestible dietary carbon.     

Estimation of Neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy cattle from Normandy, France.

An epidemiological study was conducted in Orne (France) on randomly selected dairy herds (42 herds including 1,924 cows and heifers, which were at least 15 months old). The aim was primarily to estimate the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection from two blood samples per cow, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for N. caninum (one positive result indicating infection). The second aim was to test the association between some individual and herd factors and N. caninum seropositivity with a logistic model including a random term effect. The prevalence was estimated at 5.6% (107 seropositive animals). At least 27 of the 42 herds had one seropositive cow or heifer. The intra-herd seroprevalence varied from 1.1 to 8% for 18 positive herds (66.7%). Dogs were present in 36 farms and 104 of the 107 seropositive animals were exposed to them. The factors associated with individual seropositivity were the presence of cats (OR = 0.17; P < 0.001), dogs (OR = 4.35; P = 0.02), rabbits and/or ducks (OR = 2.10; P = 0.04), long calving periods (12 months) (OR = 0.44; P = 0.007), tethered housing (OR = 2.50; P = 0.01), somatic cell counts (200-400 x 10(3) cells/mL) (OR = 0.24; P < 0.001) and pond water supply (OR = 2.43; P = 0.04). In conclusion, the animal and intra-herd seroprevalences were low in dairy cows from Normandy, France.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Major Histocompatibility Complex Ⅰ Gene from Goose F1 of Fast-growth Lines

According to the multiple alignments identified major histocompatibility complex Ⅰ (MHC Ⅰ) gene conserved sequence registered in GenBank from the family ducks (Anatidae) anser waterfowl, a pairs of specific primers for the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines were designed and synthesized by Primer Premier 5.0. Using the genome DNA of goose F1 from fast-growth lines, the target gene fragment was obtained by PCR. To conduct sequencing of the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines and make sequence alignment and analysis of protein structure and function by bioinformatics, and research the characteristics of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 and the physicochemical properties of the protein. Bioinformatics was analyzed the nucleic acid data, deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic trees. The result of sequence analysis showed that the fragments of MHCⅠgene of goose F1 from fast-growth lines was 1036 bp in length, which coded 96 amino acids polyprotein. The homology were 93% and 83% with MHC Ⅰ gene and coding sequence of Wulong goose in NCBI respectively. There were 72 different bases sequence and 16 amino acids change. There also was higher homology with other poultry, and existed genetic relationship of Siji goose > chickens > ducks.The homology segment sequences corresponding to the fragments of MHCⅠ gene of goose F1 coded 96 amino acids protein, which molecular weight, PI, positively or negatively charged amino acid, estimated half-life, instability index, aliphatic index and average hydrophobicity were 11.342 ku, 5.32, 14, 17, 2.8 h, 34.92, 42.81, -1.066, respectively, and appeared 9 B cell epitopes, but contained no signal peptide. These results indicated that the protein for hydrophilic non-secreted proteins, had the high immunogenicity. In addition, The protein structure study indicated that alpha-helix, beta-sheet, beta-turn and random coil were 31.25%,16.67%, 14.58% and 37.50%, respectively. There existed amino terminal domain and carboxyl terminal domain in the tertiary structure. Therefore, MHC gene had significant difference between species and populations of individuals by the pathogen pressure in environment, and there were the interaction between polymorphism of MHC molecules and the diversity of antigenic peptide. MHC determined the differences of individual susceptibility to disease, and could be treated as a candidate gene for disease resistance.     

三种药用甘草种子对盐渍环境的萌发响应及其适宜生态种植区

根据西北地区盐碱土的盐分组成特点,选择NaCl、Na₂SO₄、NaHCO₃ 3种单盐,通过盐胁迫下3种药用甘草种子萌发特性、萌发进程、胚生长、种子活力及复水后萌发率的差异分析,比较3种药用甘草种子对不同土壤盐分的萌发响应、耐盐阈值及其适宜盐碱地种植区,为盐碱地种植药用甘草适宜生态区的选择提供理论参考。结果表明,3种单盐胁迫不同程度降低了药用甘草种子的萌发率,延长种子的萌发时间,抑制胚轴伸长生长,盐害强弱顺序为:NaHCO₃＞Na₂SO₄ ＞NaCl。NaCl和Na₂SO₄对药用甘草种子萌发的抑制效应主要为渗透效应,盐胁迫解除复水后种子萌发恢复率为50.6%～78.5%;NaHCO₃ 对药用甘草种子萌发的抑制效应主要为离子毒害,种子萌发恢复率仅为5.1%～21.5%;胀果甘草耐盐性最强,适宜在以氯化物-硫酸盐为主的总盐量为0～1.3%的区域种植,光果甘草耐NaHCO₃最强,可在含小苏打的弃耕低盐地种植,乌拉尔甘草耐盐性最弱,种植地土壤的总盐量范围在0～0.7%为宜。     

Food as a potential vector for antibiotic resistances. 2: Relevance of lactic acid bacteria

Transfer of antibiotic resistances via the food chain is possible through the ingestion of resistant parts of the original food microflora. Lactic acid bacteria (especially glycopeptide resistant enterococci) are considered as important vectors because of their ability to transfer resistances by genetic mechanisms. Therefore a literature review and own investigations concerning the incidence and the resistance profile of enterococci from fresh meat were performed. The isolates harboured in part resistances relevant for human medicine. However, they could be isolated only sporadically and could not be demonstrated quantitatively in most cases. The resistance profile differed from those of human clinical origin. These results were confirmed by other authors. Additionally other investigators could prove molecular differences compared to clinical strains. Therefore food can only be considered as a vector if resistance transfer from food isolates to pathogenic microorganisms is possible. Such a transfer could be shown only in very low frequencies. In conclusion so far lactic acid bacteria cannot be considered as the main source for the incidence of antibiotic resistances in man.     

我国绿系蜂胶的探讨

绿系蜂胶的概念主要来自巴西蜂胶。近些年来,我国出现的大炒巴西蜂胶的现象源于对巴西蜂胶狭隘和浅薄的认识及商业利益的驱动。我们通过赴巴西对巴西蜂胶及相关情况的实地考察,引发了我们对以巴西蜂胶为代表的绿系蜂胶的探讨。